عمقی‌شدن کاربری زمین در بهره‌برداری‌های کشاورزی روستایی؛ مؤلفه‌ها و تعیین‌کننده‌ها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

چکیده

عمقی‌سازی، به معنای افزایش بهره‌وری زمین و فزونی عملکرد در اثر کنش‌های انسانی است. باوجود چالش بالقوه ناپایداریِ کاربری زمین، عمقی‌سازی رویکرد اصلی توسعه کشاورزی و پاسخ به نیازهای فزاینده غذایی بشر و نیز سنجه‌ای برای تحلیل کارایی کشاورزی است. مطالعه حاضر به ارزیابی و تحلیل عمقی‌شدن کشت لوبیا در منطقه روستایی خرمدشت شهرستان خمین می‌پردازد. نمونه آماری، 183 بهره‌بردار لوبیاکار منطقه بوده و داده‌های موردنیاز با عملیات میدانی گردآوری شد. روایی ابزار گردآوری، محتوایی و پایایی آن با انجام مطالعه مقدماتی و آزمون‌های آماری، ارزیابی و تأیید شد. مقیاس‌سازی برای سنجش عمقی‌شدن، براساس مؤلفه‌های تخصصی شدن کشت، اندازه نسبی سطح بهره‌برداری، سطح بهره‌وری، ضریب مکانیزاسیون و فشردگی دوره آیش، با رویکرد تحلیل عاملی و ترکیب خطی وزنی نرمال انجام شد. بر اساس یافته‌ها، باوجود سطح بالای زیرکشت لوبیا در منطقه، میزان عمقی‌شدن در نزدیک به 98 درصد از بهره‌برداری‌ها کمتر از حد متوسط و تنها در بین 2/2 درصد از بهره‌برداران بیش‌ازحد متوسط بوده است. گرچه به لحاظ فنی و در مقایسه با بهره‌برداری‌های عمقی‌تر، امکان دستیابی به فشردگی بیشتر در آینده برای نظام‌های کمتر عمقی آسان‌تر است، اما عمقی‌شدن کمتر کاربری زمین لزوماً به معنی توسعه و افزایش معنی‌دار عملکرد در آینده نیست. در همین رابطه، تحلیل تفاوت‌های کاربری زمین بین سطوح مختلف عمقی‌شدن در رابطه با متغیرهای مختلف نشان داد درحالی‌که عمقی‌شدن به واگرایی شدید عملکرد و راندمان اقتصادی در بین بهره‌برداری‌های منطقه موردمطالعه انجامیده، ضعف سیاست‌گذاری و مدیریت کلان کشاورزی در این زمینه نیازمند درنگ و برنامه‌ریزی‌های سنجیده‌ای در آینده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Land use Intensification in Rural Farming Systems: Components and Determinants

نویسنده [English]

  • Abbas Amini
Associate professor, Department of geography and rural planning, Faculty of Geographical Sciences and Planning, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Land use intensification refers to the increase of land productivity and yield through human activities. Despite the potential challenge of unsustainability, land use intensification is the main approach of de-veloping agriculture and meeting the increasing food demand. It also serves as a measure for the eval-uation of agricultural efficiency. This study is an attempt to evaluate and analyze the intensification of legume cultivation in Khorramdasht rural areas of Khomain County. The statistical sample of the study consisted of 183 stakeholders, and the data were gathered primarily via field work with a question-naire whose validity was confirmed formally and its reliability was statistically assessed with a pretest. Land use intensity, as the main variable, was quantitatively operationalized and measured based on a normalized weighted linear combination of the components, specialized cropping, proportioned mean farm area, productivity level, machinery coefficient and fallow period intensity. The relative weights were calculated through factor analysis followed by the normalization of the first component’s factor loadings. Despite the large area under legume cultivation, the results revealed that nearly 98 percent of the farms are intensified below the average level while only 2.2 percent are above it. The increment of land-use intensity is technically easier to achieve in systems that are currently at a low intensifica-tion levels, but low land-use intensities do not necessarily imply strong development and yield in-crease in the future. In this regard, the process of land use intensification has led to a marked diver-gence of the economic performance in the study area. At the same time, poor agricultural policies and management practices call for more attention and deliberate planning procedures in the future.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Intensification
  • Agricultural land use
  • Rural farming systems
  • Legume cultivation
  • Khomain
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