تبیین نشانگرهای منظر پایدار روستایی در ایران مبتنی بر آرای متخصصان و حرفه‌مندان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه جغرافیای انسانی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

روستاها در بستری طبیعی و با استفاده از مصالح و فناوری محلی طی ده‌ها و گاه صدها سال به تدریج برپا شده‌ و تکامل یافته‌اند. با توجه به اینکه در حال حاضر، شاهد تخریب محیط‌های روستایی و عناصر باارزش آن هستیم، شناسایی و تبیین نشانگرهای منظر پایدار روستایی منطبق با موقعیت و شرایط ایران ضرورت دارد. پس از مطالعه اجزا و خصوصیات منظر روستایی و عوامل تأثیرگذار بر آن، معیارهای اولیه بیان‌کننده پایداری منظر به‌صورت ترکیبی از دو گروه معیار استخراج و تجمیع شدند. روش‌شناسی پژوهش به شیوه اکتشافی و تبیینی انجام و در آن نشانگرهای اصلی منظر پایدار طی روندی پیوسته و گزینشی اعتبارسنجی و ازطریق ارزیابی متخصصین- حرفه‌مندان تبیین شده‌اند. با توجه به محدود بودن تعداد متخصصین در زمینه منظر روستایی و برای افزایش اعتبار پژوهش، تلاش شده است جامعه آماری دربردارنده طیفی از تخصص‌های مرتبط با علوم منظر باشد و آرای آن‌ها در ارزیابی لحاظ شود. به‌منظور افزایش دقت، صحت و اعتبار، هر نشانگر با سه عامل: میزان ارتباط، میزان اهمیت و قابلیت اندازه‌گیری ارزش‌گذاری شده است. تحلیل‌ها یک‌بار به‌صورت تجمعی و یک‌بار به تفکیک هر نشانگر انجام و نشانگرهای با‌ارزش‌تر و مؤثرتر از دیدگاه متخصصین- حرفه‌مندان حوزه علوم به دست آمده است. نتایج این پژوهش عوامل اصلی شکل‌دهنده و تأثیرگذار در پایداری منظر پایدار روستایی را مشخص و تبیین می‌نماید، بنابراین تصمیم‌گیرندگان را قادر می‌سازد برنامه‌ریزی‌های آتی خود را هم‌راستا و مبتنی بر حفظ و ارتقای نشانگرهای اصلی منظر پایدار تبیین کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Explaining Sustainable Landscape Indicators in the Rural Area of Iran Based on Experts’ and Professionals’ Assessment

نویسندگان [English]

  • Leila Kowkabi 1
  • seyed Ali Badri 2
1 Assistant professor, Department of Urban Design, Faculty of Architecture & Urban Planning, University of Art, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Geography &Rural Planning, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Villages have been gradually established and developed in a natural environment using local materials and technology over the decades. People expanded the agricultural fields by managing water and rural forests serve as the sink of resources used by humans for daily life and agriculture. Current condition of a landscape can be a reliable indicator of future trends and areas in need of further attention. Moreover there are specific cultural backgrounds, which have influenced on the settlement patterns of regions and countries. So, many criteria must be considered in order to achieve sustainability. Given that the destruction of rural environments and its valuable elements is taking place, it is necessary to identify and explain the indicators of a sustainable rural landscape in accordance with the situation and conditions in Iran. The research method is exploratory, in which the main indicators of sustainable landscape are explained through a continuous and selective process of accreditation and through the evaluation of university professors, professionals, managers and decision makers in the field of rural. The results of 25 questionnaires (consisting of four dimensions and 130 indicators) were included in the evaluation. The respondents were asked to rank each indicator based on “related rate”, “importance” and “measurability”. The results show that the sustainable landscape of rural area is related to their multi-functionality services; spatial patterns of villages and natural resources. From the point of view of experts, the indicators of the sub-category “socio-cultural dimension” have had the greatest impact on the sustainable rural landscape.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sustainable Landscape
  • Expert and Profesional
  • Indicator
  • Assessment
  • Rural Landscape
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