مطالعه تجربه زیسته زنان روستای کوشک قاضی استان فارس زیر سایه تنش آبی و خشکسالی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری جامعه شناسی تغییرات اجتماعی، پژوهشکده آب، دانشگاه خلیح فارس، بوشهر، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

چکیده

خشکسالی و پیامدهای آن همراه با سوء مدیریت موجب خشکیدن منابع زیرزمینی و تنش آبی در تعدادی از روستاهای کشور شده است. روستای کوشک قاضی از توابع شهرستان فسا در استان فارس نیز یکی از این روستاهاست که همه منابع آبی آن خشکیده و ده‌ها خانواری که معیشت آن‌ها وابسته به کشاورزی بوده اکنون با بیکاری، فقر و مهاجرت مواجه شده‌اند. بلایای طبیعی ازجمله کم‌آبی پدیده‌ای چندوجهی است، در این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی و انتقادی و با استفاده از روش پدیدارشناسی به مطالعه وجه جنسیتی و تجربه زیسته زنان روستایی پرداخته شده است. داده‌های میدانی در این پژوهش از طریق نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و مصاحبه عمیق با20 نفر از زنان روستای کوشک قاضی و همچنین مشاهده و یادداشت‌برداری میدانی جمع‌آوری شده است. سپس با تکنیک استقراء تحلیلی؛ مضامین فرعی، اصلی و درون‌مایه نهایی کشف و استخراج شده است. سه مضمون اصلی، فقرزایی سیستماتیک، ذهنیت کمیابی و ادراک سازگاری هستند و «انباشت ابرچالش‌ها» نیز به عنوان درون‌مایه نهایی استخراج گردیده است. فقرزایی سیستماتیک به دلیل ساختارها و قوانین ناعادلانه و ناکارآمد، عدم ادراک سازگاری و مانع روانی ذهنیت کمیابی؛ سازگاری با کم‌آبی با موانع جدی مواجه کرده است. همه این دلایل در کنار چالش‌های پیشین اشکال جدیدی از آسیب‌ها و نابرابری‌ها را رقم زده و موجب رخداد پدیده‌ای به نام «انباشت ابرچالش‌ها» شده و درنتیجه آسیب‌پذیری اقشار ضعیف مانند زنان که از قبل با انواع نابرابری‌ها و محدودیت‌ها روبه‌رو بوده‌اند را افزایش داده و آن‌ها را در معرض آسیب‌ها و مخاطرات ناشی از این ابرچالش‌ها قرارداده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Study of the Experience of Women in the Village of Kushk Qazi in Fars Province under the Shadow of Water Stress and Drought

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahta Bazrafkan 1
  • Mohammad Taqi Iman 2
1 PhD in Sociology of Social Changes , Water Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Drought and its consequences along with mismanagement have caused the drying up of underground resources and water stress in a number of villages in the country. Kushk Qazi village is one of the villages of Fasa city in Fars province. All its water resources have dried up and dozens of families whose livelihood depended on agriculture are now facing unemployment, poverty and migration.  Natural disasters, including water scarcity, are multifaceted phenomena. In this study, a qualitative and critical approach is used to study the gender aspect and lived experience of rural women using the phenomenological method. Field data in this study were collected through purposive sampling and in-depth interviews with 20 women in the village of Kushk Qazi, as well as field observation and note-taking. Then using the analytical induction technique; sub-themes, main and final themes have been discovered and extracted. The three main themes of systematic poverty are the scarcity mentality, the perception of adaptation, and the "accumulation of super-challenges" which has been extracted as the final theme. Systematic impoverishment due to unjust and inefficient structures and laws, lack of perception of adaptation and psychological barrier of scarcity mentality have caused adaptation to dehydration to face serious obstacles. All these reasons, along with the previous challenges, have created new forms of harms and inequalities and have led to a phenomenon called "accumulation of super-challenges", resulting in the vulnerability of the poor, such as women, who have already faced all kinds of inequalities and constraints and have exposed them to the harms and dangers posed by these super-challenges.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sustainable development
  • inequality
  • rural women
  • scarcity mentality
  • adaptability
Afrakhteh, H. (2011). Vulnerability of rural women Case study: Fumanat foothill villages, urban ecology research, second year spring and summer 2011 No. 1 (3 ) Persian
Ahmed, S., Fajber, E. (2009). Engendering adaptation to climate variability in Gujarat, India, Gender and Development, Vol. 17, No. 1, Climate changes and climate justice (March 2009), pp. 33-50
Eftekhari, R., Mousavi, A., Portaheri, S. M., Farajzadeh Asl, M. (2013). Analysis of the Role of Living Diversity in the Suffering of Rural Households in Drought Conditions Case Study: Areas at Risk of Drought in Isfahan Province, Rural Research, Volume 5, Number 3, Fall 2, P. 662-639 Persian
Fatemi, M., Karami, E. (2010). A Case Study of the Causes and Effects of Drought  Iranian Journal of Agricultural Extension and Education Issue: 2010, Volume 6, Number 2; Pages 77 - 97 Persian
Flick, U. (2000). Episodic Interviewing in  Bauer and Gaskell (eds), Qualitative Reserching with text, Image and graound : A Practical Handbook; London : Sage.
Gokhale, V. (2008). Role of Women in Disaster Management : An Analytical Study with Reference to Indian Society. The World Conference on Earthquake Engineering    October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China
Government of India. (2008). National Action Plan on Climate Change, Prime Minister's Council on Climate Change, Government of India  IPCC(2001) Synthesis Report, Third Assessment Report. Cambridge University Press.,
Habibpour Gotabi, K. (2015). Women's Vulnerability in Natural Disasters: A Social Structure, Women in Development and Politics, Volume 16, Number 3, Fall 2016, pp. 457-481 Persian
Hanlon. J, Ch. (2001). Mozambique and the great flood of 2000. The International African Institute, James Currey, Oxford. 176.
Iman, M.T. (2012). Qualitative Research Methodology, Qom: Research Howzeh and University Press.
Iman, M.T., Bazrafkan, M. (2017). Doing critical ethnographic research; Translation; Shiraz University Press, Shiraz
Jonas, A. (2006). Pro-scale: further reflections on the ‘scale debate’ in human geography. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographer 31, 399–406
Khamis, M., Plush, T.. Sepúlveda Zelaya, C. (2009). Women's rights in climate change: using video as a tool for empowerment in Nepal,Gender and Development, Vol. 17, No. 1, Climate changes and climate justice(March 2009), pp. 125-135 (Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. on behalf of Oxfam GB)
Keshavarz, M., Karami, E., Vanclay, F. (2013). The social experience of drought in rural Iran, Land Use Policy 30 (2013) 120– 129
Klein, N. (2015). This changes everything: Capitalism vs. the climate. Simon and Schuster
Mullainathan, S., Shafir, E. (2019). Scarcity: Why having too little means so much, Translated by Sidamir Hossein Miraboutalebi, Tatjomaan Publications, Tehran.
Neumayer , E., Plümper, T. (2007). "The Gendered Nature of Natural Disasters: The Impact of Catastrophic Events on the Gender Gap in Life Expectancy, Annals of the Association of American Geographers
Osbahr, H., Twyman, C., Adger, W.N. and Thomas, D.S.G. (2008). ‘Effective livelihood adaptation to climate change disturbance: scale dimensions of practice in Mozambique’, Geoforum, Vol. 39, No. 6, pp.1951–1964.
Savari ,M., Shiri, N., Asadi, A. (2013). The Role of Communication and Information Resources and Channels in Empowering Rural Women in Divandereh County, Rural Research, Fourth Summer 2013 No. 2 (14)
Segnestam, L. (2017). Gendered Experiences of Adaptation to Drought: Patterns of Change in El Sauce, Nicaragua. Latin American Research Review 52(5), pp. 807–823. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25222/larr.220
Techane M.G. (2017). ‘Economic Equality and Female Marginalisation in the SDGs Era: Reflections on Economic Rights of Women in Africa’, Peace Human Rights Governance, 1(3), 333-364
Turner, J. H. (2010). Theoretical Principles of Sociology, Volume 1: Macrodynamics, New York : Springer
United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD). (2015). The world’s women 2015. Trends and statistics. New York, UNSD.
Ziaeian, S. (2017) National Center for Drought and Crisis Management of the Meteorological Organization, shocking statistics of drought: (https://www.tabnak.ir/fa/news/831204
Zoloth, L. (2017). At the Last Well on Earth: Climate Change Is a Feminist , Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion , Vol. 33, No. 2 (Fall 2017), pp. 139-151