عوامل مؤثر بر شادابی و سرزندگی خانوارهای روستایی (موردمطالعه: شهرستان فومن)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترا، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

4 استاد، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

چکیده

شادابی و سرزندگی به‌عنوان یکی از شاخص‌های توسعه روستایی از سال 2000 به بعد در نگاه سازمان‌های بین‌المللی و به‌ویژه سازمان ملل برای تعیین سطح توسعه روستایی و توسعه کشورها موردتوجه قرار گرفته است. زیرا اکثر سازمان‌ها و نهادهای مرتبط با توسعه از شادابی به‌عنوان یکی از شاخص‌های مهم توسعه پایدار روستایی یاد کرده‌اند. با این حال یکی از موارد مهم برای بررسی شادابی در نواحی روستایی، شناسایی عوامل اثرگذار بر آن است. بر این اساس هدف از تدوین این پژوهش بررسی عوامل‌ مؤثر بر شادابی خانوارهای روستایی بوده است. تحقیق حاضر از نظر هدف کاربردی و روش انجام آن توصیفی- تحلیلی است. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها، پرسشنامه و مصاحبه از نمونه‌ای منتخب مشتمل بر 170 خانوار از جامعه آماری خانوارهای روستایی شهرستان فومن (N=18675) با استفاده از تخمین شخصی و به روش نمونه‌گیری سهمیه‌ای بوده است. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها از آمار توصیفی، آزمون رتبه‌ای هم‌انباشتگی نامحدود اکتشافی و مدل معادلات ساختاری استفاده شده است. نتایج سنجش میزان شادابی خانوارهای روستایی با استفاده از پرسشنامه فوردایس گویای آن است که شادابی خانوارها در سطح مطلوبی قرار داشته است. نتایج شاخص‌های مؤثر بر شادابی نشان داد که از بین 30 شاخص در نظر گرفته‌شده، 18 شاخص بیشترین اثر را بر شادابی خانوارها داشته است. همچنین نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری نشان داد مدل استاندارد مرتبه دوم شادابی خانوارها به ترتیب ضرایب مسیر متأثر از عوامل نهادی- مدیریتی، کالبدی، اقتصادی، شخصی-روان‌شناختی، اجتماعی، زیست‌محیطی، جغرافیایی و برخورداری قرار دارد. مقدار p کلیه پارامترهای لامدا در مدل فوق حاکی از تأیید کلیه روابط است.

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