بررسی روش‌های سازگاری روستاییان با کم‌آبی در استان خوزستان: کاربرد نظریه بنیانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه ترویج، ارتباطات و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه ترویج، ارتباطات و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی و عمران روستایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران.

چکیده

سازگاری با تنش‌های آب جهت حمایت از معیشت و تأمین امنیت غذایی از اهمیت بسیاری برخوردار است. بااین‌حال، نوع و میزان راهبردهای‌ سازگاری در مناطق و بسترهای اجتماعی - اقتصادی و اگرو اکولوژیکی آنان متفاوت است. شناسایی و طبقه‌بندی روش‌های سازگاری مبتنی بر داده‌های تجربی می‌تواند به طراحی و اجرای مشوق‌ها، قوانین و یا اصلاحات نهادی کمک کند. از این ‌رو هدف مطالعه حاضر شناسایی انواع روش‌های سازگاری با تنش‌های آبی با استفاده از روش کیفی نظریه بنیانی است. تکنیک‌های به کار رفته برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها عبارت‌اند از مشاهده مستقیم، مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته، یادداشت‌های میدانی و ضبط شواهد و یافته‌ها که در جریان مصاحبه‌ها صورت گرفت. اشباع نظری داده‌ها، با استفاده از نظرات 41 نفر از کارشناسان جهاد کشاورزی و کشاورزان به دست آمد. بر اساس یافته‌های تحقیق روش‌های سازگاری به چهار دسته کلی شامل تغییر در عملیات کشاورزی، مدیریت آبیاری، مدیریت مالی و اقتصادی و مدیریت اجتماعی تقسیم‌بندی گردید. روش‌های مدیریت عملیات کشاورزی به‌نوبه خود شامل دو دسته مدیریت محصول و مدیریت مزرعه بوده است. مدیریت آب شامل صرفه‌جویی در آب و فناوری تأمین آب، روش‌های مدیریت اقتصادی شامل، تنوع‌بخشی به درآمد یا شغل، بیمه کشاورزی، پس‌انداز کردن و صرفه‌جویی در هزینه‌ها و دریافت کمک مالی به‌صورت قرض یا وام بوده است. مدیریت اجتماعی در زیر طبقه مهاجرت و شبکه‌سازی و گسترش دانش به منظور افزایش آگاهی در مورد روش‌های کاهش آسیب بوده است. 

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