تحلیل مؤلفه‌‏های سرمایه اجتماعی مؤثر بر مهاجرت روستاییان با نقش میانجی دلبستگی مکانی (موردمطالعه: شهرستان جیرفت)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

چکیده

مهاجرت مهم‌ترین پدیده‏ای است که می‏تواند موجودیت و بقای جوامع روستایی را به خطر بیندازد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثر مؤلفه‌‏های سرمایه اجتماعی و دلبستگی مکانی بر مهاجرت افراد در روستاهای شهرستان جیرفت است. جامعه آماری شامل جمعیت فعال روستایی بود و حجم نمونه با استفاده از جدول کرجسی و مورگان به روش نمونه‏‌گیری تصادفی با انتساب متناسب 382 نفر انتخاب شد. ابزار جمع‌‏آوری داده‏‌ها پرسشنامه‌‏ای محقق ساخته بود که برای تعیین روایی آن از پانل متخصصان استفاده شد. همچنین، به‌منظور سنجش پایایی ابزار تحقیق از آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد و مقدار آن برای سنجه‏‌های مختلف پرسشنامه بین 71/0 تا 83/0 محاسبه گردید. نتایج تحلیل همبستگی پیرسون نشان داد هرچقدر فاصله محل سکونت روستاییان تا شهر بیشتر شود میزان مهاجرت آن‌ها هم به شهرها افزایش می‌یابد، از سوی دیگر هرچقدر سرمایه اجتماعی در میان روستاییان کاهش یابد مهاجرت به میزان زیادی افزایش می‌یابد. واکاوی حاصل از آزمون تحلیل مسیر نیز نشان داد تمام مؤلفه‌‏های سرمایه اجتماعی اثرات مستقیم و معنی‌داری بر مهاجرت دارند و در این بین مشارکت اجتماعی بیشترین اثر مستقیم معنی‌دار را بر مهاجرت روستاییان دارد. ضمن اینکه دلبستگی مکانی نیز دارای اثر منفی مستقیم معنی‏دار بر مهاجرت است. همچنین تمامی مؤلفه‌های سرمایه اجتماعی بر دلبستگی مکانی دارای اثر مستقیم مثبت معنی‌دار هستند، به این معنا که هر چه افراد در جوامع روستایی از سطح بالایی از مشارکت اجتماعی، انسجام اجتماعی، اعتماد اجتماعی، آگاهی اجتماعی و روابط اجتماعی برخوردار باشند احتمال دلبستگی مکانی در آن‌ها بیشتر می‌شود و در نتیجه احتمال مهاجرت در میان آن‌ها کاهش می‌یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Identifying the Impact of the Components of Social Capital on the Migration of Villagers by Mediating Role of Place Attachment (Case Study: Jiroft Township)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samira Behroozeh 1
  • Latif Haji 1
  • Razieh Namdar 2
1 PhD Student, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Migration is the most important phenomenon that can endanger the existence and survival of the rural community. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of social capital components and place attachment on the migration of people in the villages of Jiroft County, which was done with a quantitative approach. The statistical population of the study was the active rural population. Krejice and Morgan table was used to determine the sample size (n=382). A stratified random sampling method was used to select the sample. A questionnaire was used for data collection that its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts. Furthermore, in order to assess the reliability of the research tool, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was calculated (0.71≤α≤0.83). The results of the Pearson correlation analysis showed that increasing the distance between rural and urban areas leads to more migration. Also, the decrease in social capital among the villagers leads to an increase in their migration. The results of path analysis showed that all components of social capital have direct and significant effects on migration, and among these, social participation has the most significant direct effect on rural migration. At the same time, place attachment also has a significant direct negative effect on migration. All components of social capital have a significant direct positive effect on place attachment. This means that the higher the level of social participation, social cohesion, social trust, social awareness and social relations of the people in rural communities, the higher the probability that their place attachment will be increased and consequently, the lower the likelihood of migration among them.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Social Capital
  • Place Attachment
  • Migration of Villagers
  • Jiroft County
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