بررسی تأثیر انواع فعالیت‌های‌ کارآفرینی زنان روستایی بر امنیت غذایی پایدار خانوار (موردمطالعه: شهرستان خرم‌آباد)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان، ایران

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر انواع فعالیت‌های کارآفرینی زنان روستایی بر امنیت غذایی پایدار خانوارهای آنان در شهرستان خرم‌آباد انجام گرفت. جامعه آماری تحقیق حاضر زنان کارآفرین روستایی شهرستان خرم‌آباد بود (395=N) که با استفاده از جدول کرجسی و مورگان و با روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای سه مرحله‌ای 190 نفر به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. ابزار اصلی گردآوری داده‌های پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته بود. نتایج نشان داد که وضعیت امنیت غذایی پایدار خانوارها در شرایط مطلوبی (59/2) قرار ندارد. نتایج حاصل از آزمون کروسکال والیس نشان داد که از لحاظ امنیت غذایی پایدار، تفاوت معنی‌داری در انواع فعالیت کارآفرینی زنان روستایی در ابعاد مصرف و دستیابی وجود دارد (05/0 P <). بعلاوه نتایج حاصل از آزمون تعقیبی LSD در بعد دستیابی نشان داد که گروه صنایع‌دستی به‌صورت معنی‌داری (05/0 P <) با گروه صنایع تبدیلی و تولیدات کشاورزی تفاوت دارد و خانوارهای کارآفرین مشغول در فعالیت تولیدات کشاورزی و صنایع تبدیلی در بعد دستیابی از وضعیت بهتری نسبت به خانوارهای کارآفرین مشغول در فعالیت صنایع‌دستی برخوردارند. همچنین در بعد مصرف هم، خانوارهای کارآفرین مشغول در فعالیت صنایع تبدیلی وضعیت بهتری نسبت به گروه تولیدات کشاورزی دارند. لذا بر اساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده پیشنهادهایی از قبیل ارائه اعتبارات مالی توسط سیاست‌گذاران، متنوع سازی فعالیت‌های کارآفرینی مبتنی بر تولیدات کشاورزی و فرآوری مواد غذایی و برگزاری کارگاه‌های آموزشی برای زنان کارآفرین مشغول در فعالیت صنایع تبدیلی با هدف تأمین و نگهداری، فرآوری و بسته‌بندی، ایمنی و بهداشت مواد غذایی ارائه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Ajani, O. (2008). Gender dimensions of agriculture, poverty, nutrition and food security in nigeria.
Alabi, O. O., Shoyombo, A. J., Ajala, A. O., & Ogunjimi, S. I. (2019). Animal agriculture: A viable tool for rural women empowerment and redemption from poverty. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 10(2).
Alarcón, D., & Bodouroglou, C. (2011). Agricultural innovation for food security and environmental sustainability in the context of the recent economic crisis: Why a gender perspective. In World Economic and Social Survey.
Allen, P. (1999). Reweaving the food security safety net: Mediating entitlement and entrepreneurship. Agriculture and Human Values, 16(2), 117–129. 
Amiri, N. S., & Marimaei, M. R. (2012). Concept of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs traits and characteristics. Scholarly Journal of Business Administration, 2, 150-155.
Andaleeb, N., Khan, M., & Shah, S. A. (2017). Factors affecting women participation in livestock farming in district Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 33(2), 288–292. 
Bastos Lima, M. G. (2008). Sustainable Food Security for Local Communities in the Globalized Era: a Comparative Examination of Brazilian and Canadian Case Studies (Master's thesis, University of Waterloo).
Camara, M., Wen, Y., Wu, H., Diakite, M., Gerson, K. K., & Wang, H. (2011). Impact assessment of women farmer activity on poverty reduction and food security: a case of Kindia region/Guinea. Journal of Agricultural Science, 3(4). 
Capone, R., Bilali, H. E., Debs, P., Cardone, G., & Driouech, N. (2014). Food system sustainability and food security: connecting the dots. Journal of Food Security, 2(1), 13–22.
Chatterton, J., Morris, J., & Williams, A. (2011). Food, land and greenhouse gases The effect of changes in UK food consumption on land requirements and greenhouse gas emissions A report prepared for the United Kingdom’s Committee on Climate Change.
Donkers, H. (2014). Sustainable food security, a paradigm for local and regional food systems sustainable food security, a paradigm for local and regional food systems. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 4(12).
Edelman, M. (2014). Food sovereignty: forgotten genealogies and future regulatory challenges. Journal of Peasant Studies, 41(6), 959–978.
Edwards-Jones, G., i Canals, L. M., Hounsome, N., Truninger, M., Koerber, G., Hounsome, B., ... & Harris, I. M. (2008). Testing the assertion that ‘local food is best’: the challenges of an evidence-based approach. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 19(5), 265-274.
El Bilali, H., Callenius, C., Strassner, C., & Probst, L. (2019). Food and nutrition security and sustainability transitions in food systems. Food and Energy Security, 8(2). 
Ezirigwe, J. (2018). Law as a tool for ensuring contributions of small-scale women farmers to food security in nigeria. Law and Development Review, 11(2), 709-737.
Farrukh, M. U., Bashir, M. K., & Rola-Rubzen, F. (2020). Exploring the sustainable food security approach in relation to agricultural and multi-sectoral interventions: A review of cross-disciplinary perspectives. Geoforum, 108, 23-27.
Fischer, E., & Qaim, M. (2012). Gender, agricultural commercialization, and collective action in Kenya. Food Security, 4(3), 441–453. 
Fonjong, L. (2004). Challenges and coping strategies of women food crops entrepreneurs in Fako division, Cameroon. Journal of International Women's Studies, 5(5), 1-17.
Food Security Network. (2012). Concept of food security [Internet]. http://www.foodsecuritynews.com/What-is-food security.
Garnett, T. (2014). Three perspectives on sustainable food security: efficiency, demand restraint, food system transformation. what role for life cycle assessment? Journal of Cleaner Production, 73, 10–18.
Ghadiri Masoum, M., Rezvani, M. R., & Cheraghi, M. (2017). Analysis of factors affecting sustainable food security rural households (case study: Zanjan township) (persian). Rural Research, 7(4), 657–671.
Ghouse, S., Mcelwee, G., Meaton, J., & Durrah, O. (2017). Barriers to rural women entrepreneurs in Oman. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 23(6), 998–1016. 
Greenhouse Gas Action Plan Steering Group. (2011). Meeting the challenge: Agriculture industry GHG action plan, Delivery of phase I: 2010-2012 [Internet].
Ibnouf, F. O. (2012). The value of women’s indigenous knowledge in food processing and preservation for achieving household food security in rural Sudan. Journal of Food Research, 1(1) 238. 
Kalantari, K (2016). Data processing and analysis in socio-economic research (using SPSS software.) Farhang Saba, Tehran. (persian).
Karimi, R. (2015). Easy guide statistical analysis with SPSS. Tehran: Hamgam. (persian). 
Kwiatkowski, S. (2004). Social and intellectual dimensions of entrepreneurship. Higher Education in Europe, 29(2), 205–220. 
Landini, F. (2016). How to be a good rural extensionist. Reflections and contributions of Argentine practitioners. Journal of Rural Studies, 43, 193-202.
Mariwah, S., Evans, R., & Antwi, K. B. (2019). Gendered and generational tensions in increased land commercialisation: Rural livelihood diversification, changing land use, and food security in Ghana’s Brong-Ahafo region. Geo: Geography and Environment, 6(1).
McGuire, S. (2015). FAO, IFAD, and WFP. The state of food insecurity in the world 2015: meeting the 2015 international hunger targets: taking stock of uneven progress. Rome: FAO, 2015. Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/advances/article-abstract/6/5/623/4558110
Meludu, N. T., Ifie, P. A., Akinbile, L. A., & Adekoya, E. A. (1999). The role of women in sustainable food security in nigeria: A case of udu local government area of delta state. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 15(1), 87–97.
Nahusenay, A., & Tesfaye, T. (2015). Roles of rural women in livelihood and sustainable food security in Ethiopia: A case study from Delanta Dawunt District, North Wollo Zone. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci, 4(3), 343–355.
Naz, Madiha, Khan, I. A., Mann, A. A., & Shahbaz, B. (2020). Women’s contribution in provision of household food security: A study from rural areas of Punjab, Pakistan. Rawal Medical Journal, 45(1).
Oliver, B. (2016). The earth gives us so much: agroecology and rural women’s leadership in Uruguay. Culture, Agriculture, Food and Environment, 38(1), 38-47.
Oloko, M., Mamman, M., & Ekpo, R. (2017). Underscoring the role of Nigerian rural women in environmental protection: Lessons from Makarfi in Kaduna State, Nigeria. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 11(5), 213-218.
Pato, L. (2015). Rural entrepreneurship and Innovation: some successful women’s initiatives. 55th Congress of the European Regional Science Association: “World Renaissance: Changing Roles for People and Places”, 25-28 August 2015, Lisbon, Portugal, European Regional Science Association (ERSA), Louvain-La-Neuve, 1–13.
Pato, M. L., & Teixeira, A. A. (2016). Twenty years of rural entrepreneurship: a bibliometric survey. Sociologia Ruralis, 56(1), 3–28. 
Quisumbing, A., & Meinzen-Dick, R. (2001). Empowering women to achieve food security. Nternational Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 
Rao, N., Pradhan, M., & Roy, D. (2017). Gender Justice and Food Security in India: A Review. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2908520
Rejeki, S. (2018). Development of food security applying women’s entrepreneurship in South Sulawesi. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 19, 1–6.
Saberiyan, M., & Sabouri, M. S. (2014). Factor analysis of the factors influencing the development of rural women entrepreneurship (case of study: members of micro-credit fundd in Semnsn) (persian). Iranian social development studies (JISDS), 6(4), 107-115.
Schmidinger, K., & Stehfest, E. (2012). Including CO2 implications of land occupation in LCAs-method and example for livestock products. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 17(8), 962–972. 
Sharma, A., Dua, S., & Hatwal, V. (2012). Micro enterprise development and rural women entrepreneurship: way for economic empowerment. Journal of Economics and Management, 1(6), 114–127. 
Sharmin, S. N. (2014). Microcredit, food Security and women empowerment in Bangladesh. LUND.
Sibelet, N., Posada, K. E., & Gutiérrez-Montes, I. A. (2019). Agroforestry systems provide firewood for livelihood improvement in Guatemala. Bois et Forets Des Tropiques, 340. 
Sim, S., Barry, M., Clift, R., & Cowell, S. J. (2007). The relative importance of transport in determining an appropriate sustainability strategy for food sourcing. A case study of fresh produce supply chains. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 12(6), 422–431. 
Sinyolo, S., & Mudhara, M. (2017). The impact of entrepreneurial competencies on Household Food Security Among Smallholder Farmers in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa Article in Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 57(2), 71-93.
Spring, A. (2000). Women farmers and commercial ventures: Increasing food security in developing countries. Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Sraboni, E., Malapit, H. J., Quisumbing, A. R., & Ahmed, A. U. (2014). Women’s empowerment in agriculture: What role for food security in Bangladesh? World Development, 61, 11–52. 
Statistics Center of Iran (2016). Excerpts from the results of the general census of population and housing. President of the program and budget organization,. https://www.amar.org.ir/
Walingo, M. K. (2009). Role of livestock projects in empowering women smallholder farmers for sustainable food security in rural Kenya. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 9(7), 168–1483.
WRAP. (2012). Courtauld commitment 2 voluntary agreement 2010-2012 signatory case studies and quotes [Internet].