تحلیل وضعیت رفاه ذهنی روستاییان در شهرستان کوهدشت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.

2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.

چکیده

مطالعه و سنجش رفاه اجتماعی به‌منظور پایش و اصلاح سیاست‌ها و برنامه‌های رفاه و تأمین اجتماعی به‌ویژه در سکونتگاه‌های روستایی که با چالش‌ها و مشکلات متعددی مواجه هستند، ضرورتی انکار‌ناپذیر است. هدف این پژوهش، ارزیابی و تعیین سطح رفاه ذهنی سرپرستان خانوارها و عوامل مؤثر بر آن در سکونتگاه‌های روستایی شهرستان کوهدشت است. روش تحقیق توصیفی- تحلیلی و مبتنی بر نظریات اینگلهارت و استرلین و بهره‌گیری از ابزار پرسشنامه است. نمونه موردمطالعه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران و روش نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌ای با انتساب متناسب به تعداد 375 نفر انتخاب شد. بر اساس یافته‌های تحقیق، سطح رفاه ذهنی 70 درصد سرپرستان خانوارها در حد متوسط و پایین‌تر است و اغلب شاخص‌های رفاه ذهنی شامل «احساس سلامت»، «خوشبختی و شادکامی»، «امید به آینده» و «اعتماد اجتماعی» دارای وضعیت نامطلوب هستند. تحلیل‌های آماری نشان‌ داد متغیرهای فردی (جنسیت، سن)، متغیرهای جمعیتی (بعد خانوار، تعداد افراد شاغل در خانواده) و متغیرهای اقتصادی (نوع شغل سرپرست خانوار، وضعیت مالکیت اراضی) دارای تأثیر معناداری بر سطح رفاه ذهنی سرپرستان خانوارها در سکونتگاه‌های روستایی شهرستان کوهدشت هستند. لذا بهبود رفاه اجتماعی در نواحی روستایی، نیازمند درک صحیح از رفاه و بازنگری سیاست‌های گذشته و تطابق برنامه‌ها با نیازها و انتظارات جوامع روستایی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Alexandrova, A. (2005). Subjective well-being and Kahneman’s ‘objective happiness, Journal of Happiness Studies, 6(3): 301-324. ‏Alizadeh, J., Barghi, H., Rahimi, H., Afsharipour, A. (2013). Evaluating Quality of Life in Rural Areas Using Fuzzy Topsis Case Study: Myandeh Village, Fars Province. Journal of Rural Research, 4(3):615-640.
Alizadeh, J., Barghi, H., Rahimi, H., Afsharipour, A. (2013). Evaluating Quality of Life in Rural Areas Using Fuzzy Topsis Case Study: Myandeh Village, Fars Province. Journal of Rural Research, 4(3):615-640.
Asadullah, M. N., & Chaudhury, N. (2012). Subjective well-being and relative poverty in rural Bangladesh, Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(5): 940-950.
Baradaran, M., & Hosseinpour, N. (2013). The Relationship between Social Capital with Subjective Welfare among the Staff of Ministry of Welfare and Social Security. Social Welfare Quarterly, 13 (49): 35-56. (In Persian).
Bargahi, H., & Kabiri, N. (2015). Subjective welfare and the impact of social trust on it (case study: youth living in Tehran). Sociological studies of youth (jame shenasi motaleate javanan), 6(20), 9-32. (in Persian).
Barani Pesian, V., Nazarian, A., Mahdavi, M. (2014). Measurement and Analysis of the Quality of Life in Rural Families, with Emphasis on the Impact of Demographic Variables. Journal of Rural Research, 5(1): 71-88. 
Barimani, F., Baluchi, O. (2013). Quality of Life Assessment in Rural Areas by Using Intelligent Systems (Fuzzy Logic) Case Study: Mahban Sub-District, Nikshahr Township. Journal of Rural Research, 4(3): 585-613. 
Blanchflower, D. G., & Oswald, A. J. (2008). Is well-being U-shaped over the life cycle? Social Science and Medicine, 66(8): 1733-1749. ‏
Borhani, T., & Hadizadeh Moghadam, A. (2016). Study of factors affecting employees' subjective well-being. Public Administration Perspaective, 7(3), 85-103. (In Persian).
Courvisanos, J., & Martin, J. (2005). Developing policy for Australia’s small towns: From anthropology to sustainability. In 2nd Country Towns Conference, Latrobe University, Bendigo. ‏
Darvishi, B., Omidi, M., Esmat, F. (2017). Multi-Dimensional Approach to Subjective Well-Being: A Case Study: Ilam University Staff. Economic Modeling, 10(36), 75-100. (In Persian).
Diener, E. (2006). Guidelines for national indicators of subjective well-being and ill-being. Applied Research Quality Life, 1:151–157.
Diener, E., Diener, M., & Diener, C. (1995). Factors predicting the subjective well-being of nations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(5): 851-864. ‏
Easterlin, R. (2003).  Explaining Happiness. Inaugural Articles by members of the National Academy of Sciences, PNAS, 100(19): 11176 – 11183.
Easterlin, R. (2004). The Economics of Happiness. The World Bank, 133(2): 26 - 33.
Eftekhari, A., Fatahi, A., Hajipoor, M. (2011). Spatial Distribution Assessment Quality of Life (QOL) in Rural Areas (Case study: Central part of city Delfan). Journal of Rural Research, 2(6): 69-94.
Farmahini Farahani, M. (1999). Descriptive Dictionary of Educative Sciences. Tehran: Asrar-e Danesh Publishing. (In Persian)
Fazeli, N. A., & Kardouni, R. (2008). Social Welfare and the Development Discourse of Iranian State in 1368-1376. Journal of Social Science, 41: 125-161. (In Persian)
Fazelniya, G. (2015). Evaluation and Comparative of Quality of life Indicators in Extended and Nuclear Families (Case study: The Rural areas in Poshtab District of Zabol). Journal of Rural Research, 5(4): 849-874. 
Fitzpatrick, T. (2004). The Welfare Theory. Translation: Hormuz Homayoun Pour. Social Research Superlative Institute. 442
Gangadharappa, N. R., Acker, D. G., Chengappa, P. G., Ganesamoorthi, S., Kumar, S., Sajeev, M. V., Shen, D. (2007). Social capital and ability to change among Indian farmers. International conference on 21th century challenges to sustainable agri-food systems. ‏
Gerdtham, U. G., & Johannesson, M. (2000). Income-related inequality in life-years and quality-adjusted life-years. Journal of Health Economics, 19(6): 1007-1026. ‏
HezarJaribi, J., & Safari Shali, R. (2012). Anatomy of Social Welfare. Tehran: Society and Culture Publications. (In Persian)
Inglehart, R. (2002). Gender, Aging and Subjective Well-being, International. Journal of Comparative Sociology, 43 (3- 5): 391 – 408.
Khorasani, M., Tahmasi, B., Hojjat, S. (2018). Measuring and analyzing the development levels of rural areas of Koohdasht. Journal of the Geographical Engineering of Territory, 2(4), 55-67. (In Persian).
Knight, J., Song, L., & Gunatilaka, R. (2009). Subjective well-being and its determinants in rural China. China Economic Review. 20: 635-649.
Layard, R. (2005). Happiness: Lessons from a new science. Penguin Books/Penguin Group (USA). 
Lee, Y. J. (2008). Subjective quality of life measurement in Taipei. Building and Environment, 43(7): 1205-1215. 
Linssen, R., Van Kempen, L., & Kraaykamp, G. (2011). Subjective well-being in rural India: the curse of conspicuous consumption. Social indicators research. 101. 57-72. 
Lucas, R. E., Diener, E., Suh, E. (1996). Discriminant validity of well-being measures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(3): 616-628. ‏
Maleki, A., & Baradaran, M. (2015). Analysis of Subjective Welfare in Systems of World Welfare (With Emphasis on Iran). Social Welfare Quarterly, 58: 7-36. (In Persian).
Markussen, T., Fibaek, M., Tarp, F., & Tuan, N. (2018). The happy farmer: self-employment and subjective well-being in rural Vietnam. Journal of Happiness Studies. 19:9-10. 
Mayer, D. (2001). The Long-Term Impact of Health on Economic Growth in Latin America. World Development, .29(6):1025-1033.
Meddin, J., & Vaux, A. (1988). Subjective well-being among the rural elderly population. The International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 27(3), 193–206.
Midgley, J. (2000). Globalization, capitalism and social welfare: A social development perspective. Canadian Social Work Review, 17:13-28. ‏
Modiri, F., Azad Armaki, T. (2014). Gender differences in Iranian subjective well-being. Journal of Social Sciences, 2(10), 225-242. (In Persian).
Narayan, D., Chambers, R., Shah, M and Petesch, P. (2000). Voices of the poor: Crying outfor change. Oxford University Press, Inc. New York.
Nili, F., & Babazadeh Khorasani, B. (2012). Identification of Factors Affecting Subjective Welfare in Iran. Journal of Monetary and Banking Research, 6 (14): 28-48. (In Persian)
Nili, F., Babazadeh Khorasani, B., Shadkar, M. S. (2015). Analyzing Dependency of Subjective Well-being in Developing Countries to Macroeconomic Factors. Journal of Economic Research, 50 (1): 21-48. (In Persian).
Rabbani, R., Ghasemi, V., Abbaszade, M. (2019). The Relationship between Social Welfare and Citizens Participation in Urban Affairs. Social Welfare. 2009; 8 (32):91-108. (In Persian)
Ramos, S., & Soukiazis, E. (2014.). Determinants of subjective well-being in Portugal: a micro-data study, GEMF Working Papers 2014-16, GEMF, Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra.
Rasti, H., Jahantigh, R. (2015). Measure of social welfare the households in rural areas, Case Study Township Zahak. Journal of Rural Research, 5(4), 759-778. (In Persian).
Rezvani, M., Mansourian, H., Ahmadadadi, H., Ahmadabadi, F., Parvai Here-Dasht, S. (2013). An Assessment on Factors Affecting the Quality of Life of Elderly in Rural Regions (Case Study: Neishabour County). Journal of Rural Research, 4(2): 301-326. 
Russell, J. (2008). Promoting subjective well-being at work. Journal of Career Assessment, 16(1):117-131. 
Sam Aram, E. A., & Mahboubi, R. (2014). Construction Of A Scale For Measuring Social Welfare With Its Emphasis on Subjective Well-Being (Feeling Welfare). Journal of Social Development and Welfare Planning. 18: 1-33. (In Persian)
Sam Aram, E. A., Bargahi, H., Kabiri, N. (2015). Mental and social well-being of its review of the impact of anomie among young people in Tehran. Social Sciences, 9 (29): 1-28. (In Persian)
Statistical Center of Iran. (2018). The general results of the 2016 census of population and housing of the country. Journal of Iran statistical center:  information and statistical databases Bureau. Retrieved  from URL: http://www.amr.org.ir
Vaznonienė, Gintarė, V., Bernardas, V. (2014). The subjective wellbeing of elderly people in rural areas, Socialiniai tyrimai [Social Research], 2 (35): 116-129.
Wolfers, J. (2003). Is business cycle volatility costly? Evidence from surveys of subjective well-being. International finance, 6(1): 1-26. ‏
Yiengprugsawan, V., Somboonsook, B., Seubsman, S., Sleigh, A. (2012). Happiness, mental health, and socio-demographic associations among a national cohort of Thai adults, Journal of Happiness Studies. 13(6): 1019–1029.
Zokaai, M, S., & Morovati, N. (2019). Investigating the Adaptation of Mental Welfare to Objective Welfare and the Effect of Social Factors on It, Social Development & Welfare Planning, 11(38), 121-177. (In Persian).