شناسایی و ارزیابی عوامل ساماندهی بصری موثر بر بهبود سیمای کالبدی روستاهای ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه معماری، دانشکده مهندسی معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه معماری، دانشکده مهندسی معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه معماری، دانشکده مهندسی معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران.

4 دانشیار، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

سیما و منظر روستایی به‌عنوان عناصر مؤثر بر درک بصری مردم از محیط، یکی از مسائل مهم امروزی بوده که در حال حاضر برای متولیان و برنامه‌ریزان روستایی قابل‌تأمل است. از آنجایی که ماهیت طراحی و نظارت بر جنبه‌های بصری مؤثر در غنی‌سازی و شکل‎گیری محیط روستایی و تجربه روستاییان از سیمای کالبدی آن، با کاستی‌هایی رو‌به‌رو است، جهت تشریح بیشتر، شناسایی عوامل ساماندهی بصری و بررسی میزان اثرگذاری آن بر سیمای کالبدی روستا ضرورت دارد. این پژوهش از لحاظ ماهیت، اکتشافی و از حیث روش گردآوری داده‌ها، توصیفی - پیمایشی است. داده‌های موردنیاز تحقیق از طریق تحلیل محتوای اسنادی و پیمایش دلفی گردآوری شد. جامعه آماری در بخش دلفی، 21 نفر و در بخش پیمایشی، 265 نفر متخصص است که پس از تأیید روایی و پایایی پرسشنامه توسط اساتید و تکنیک آلفای کرونباخ، مورد پرسشگری قرار گرفتند. در این پژوهش جهت تحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون T تک‌نمونه‌ای، ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل رگرسیون استفاده شد که نتایج نشان داده است؛ از 53 شاخص ارزیابی‌شده در ابعاد چهارگانه شامل: زیبایی‌شناختی - فرمی، کارکردی - فعالیتی، ادراکی - شناختی و طبیعی - زیستی، شاخص‌های تزیینات و مواد و مصالح با امتیاز وزنی کل (52/4) بیشترین اثرگذاری و شاخص تعادل با امتیاز (24/2) کمترین اثرگذاری را بر ساماندهی بصری روستا دارند. همچنین نتایج حاصل از تحلیل رگرسیون نشان داده است؛ 61 درصد از عوامل ساماندهی بصری، موجب بهبود سیمای کالبدی روستا می‌شود، که از میان عوامل چهارگانه، عامل ادراکی-شناختی با ضریب تأثیر 378/0 بیشترین اثر را بر بهبود سیمای کالبدی روستا دارد.

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