تعیین الگوی بهینه اشتغال در پهنه‌های روستایی شرق گیلان

نوع مقاله : مقاله برگرفته از طرح پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه مطالعات ناحیه‌ای، پژوهشکده محیط‌زیست، جهاد دانشگاهی گیلان، رشت، ایران.

2 کارشناسی پژوهشی، گروه مطالعات ناحیه‌ای، پژوهشکده محیط‌زیست، جهاد دانشگاهی گیلان، رشت، ایران.

3 مربی، گروه مطالعات ناحیه‌ای، پژوهشکده محیط زیست، جهاد دانشگاهی گیلان، رشت، ایران.

چکیده

برنامه‌ریزی کاربری زمین در شرایط عدم اطمینان نیازمند تخصیص بهینه اراضی به کاربری‌های سازگار و ناسازگار با محیط‌های طبیعی و انسانی است. هدف این تحقیق تعیین محدوده عرصه‌های روستایی و طبیعی در شرق استان گیلان به منظور تنوع‌بخشی به اشتغال پایدار روستایی است. سطح جغرافیایی این تحقیق کل پهنه جغرافیای روستایی شرق گیلان و جامعه آماری شامل کارشناسان و مجریان حوزه برنامه‌ریزی روستایی در استان گیلان بوده که از بین آن‌ها به روش هدفمند با 83نفر مصاحبه عمیق صورت گرفته و حد کفایت حجم نمونه نیز بر اساس تکرار یا اشباع نظر در نظر گرفته شد. برای تجزیه داده‌ها، ابتدا با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Mic Mac تأثیرگذارترین و تأثیرپذیرترین عوامل مؤثر بر اشتغال روستایی طبق نظر کارشناسان ارزش‌گذاری شد. سپس با تشکیل ماتریس متقاطع متوازن در نرم‌افزار Scenario Wizard، سه راهبرد استقرار فعالیت‌های متجانس، سازگار و ناسازگار برای اشتغال‌زایی طرح‌ریزی شد. به منظور تخصیص زمین ابتدا با استفاده از روش AHP متغیرها وزن‌دهی شده و سپس با استفاده از روش MCE پهنه شایستگی برای هر راهبرد به دست آمده است. در نهایت به منظور تخصیص زمین به هریک از این سه راهبرد به کمک تکنیک‌های الگویابی MOLA مناسب‌ترین عرصه‌ها با تعیین حدود مشخص گردید. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که نواحی جلگه‌ای تا کوهپایه‌ای بیشترین قابلیت برای ایجاد مشاغل متجانس و وابسته به طبیعت، نواحی کوهستانی شایسته توسعه مشاغل سازگار با طبیعت و فعالیت‌های ناسازگار با طبیعت به‌صورت لکه‌هایی پراکنده در کل ناحیه امکان توسعه دارند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Determining the Optimal Employment Pattern in Rural Areas of East Guilan

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Ali Rahimipour Sheikhani Nejad 1
  • Habib Mahmoudi Chenari 1
  • Fatemeh Momeni Taromsari 2
  • Farzaneh Nasiri Jan Agha 3
  • Seyyedeh Fatemeh Emami 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Regional Studies, Environmental Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Rasht, Iran.
2 Research Expert, Department of Regional Studies, Environmental Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Rasht, Iran.
3 Lectureship, Department of Regional Studies, Environmental Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Rasht, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Land use planning in conditions of uncertainty requires the optimal allocation of land homogeneous, compatible, and incompatible with natural and human environments. The purpose of this study is to determine the range of rural and natural areas in the east of Guilan province to diversify sustainable rural employment. Geographical level of this research is the whole area of rural geography of East Gilan and the statistical population includes experts and implementers in the field of rural planning in Gilan province, among whom 83 people were interviewed in a purposeful manner. Sample volume adequacy was also considered based on repetition or saturation.For this purpose, first, using Mic Mac software, the most effective and impressible factors involved in rural employment were identified, and then, with the help of forming a balanced cross-matrix in Scenario Wizard software, possible scenarios for job creation were designed. In this study, the three scenarios of job creation consist of activities heterogeneous with the environment, activities consistent with the environment, and activities incompatible with the environment. In order to allocate land, first, the variables were weighted using the AHP method and then the competence zone for each strategy was obtained using the MCE method. Finally, in order to allocate land to each of these three strategies, using MOLA modeling techniques, the most suitable areas were identified by delimitation. The results showed that plains to the foothills areas have the highest potential for creating homogeneous and nature-related jobs , mountainous areas deserve to develop compatible jobs with nature and activities that are not compatible with nature can be developed as scattered spots throughout the area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Land Allocation
  • Sustainable Rural Employment
  • Land Use
  • East Guilan
Anderson, C. M., Asner, G. P., Llactayo, W., & Lambin, E. F. (2018). Overlapping land allocations reduce deforestation in Peru. Land use policy, 79, 174-178.
Ameri, M., & Barg Gol, I. (2007). Land use allocation modeling in the regional area by means of accessibility and added value. Journal of transportation research, 4(2), 131-143.
Badri S.A., Portaheri, M. (2012).  Introduction to Sustainable Rural Development. Organization of Municipalities and Rural Affairs, Urban and Rural Management Research Institute. Gorgan. (in Persian).
Cao, K., Huang, B., Wang, S., & Lin, H. (2012). Sustainable land use optimization using Boundary-based Fast Genetic Algorithm. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 36(3), 257-268.
Kang, M.Y., Yao, H.R., Liu, S. (1999). Land use structure optimization for Guanzhong.
Chang, H. S., & Chiu, S. L. (2013). Discussion on Sustainable Land Use Allocation toward the Sustainable City–A Practice on Linco New Town. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 17, 408-417.
Chowdhury, S., Zhang, J., Messac, A., & Castillo, L. (2011). Characterizing the influence of land configuration on the optimal wind farm performance. In International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, 54822, 367-378.‏
Djaenudin, D., Oktaviani, R., Hartoyo, Sri., Dwiprabowo, H., (2016). Modelling of land allocation behavior in Indonesia. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 33, 78-86.
Falahatkara, B., Bagheria, M., Efatpanah, I. (2019). The effect of stocking densities on growth performance and biochemical indices in new hybrid of Leuciscus aspius, Rutilus frisii. Aquaculture Reports journal . journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/aqrep.
Faraji Rad, Kh., Kazemian, Gh.R. (2012). Local and regional development from the perspective of institutional approach, Tehran, University Jihad Publications (in Persian).
Gao, Q.Z., Kang, M.Y., Xu, H.M., Jiang, Y., Yang, J. (2010). Optimization of land use structure and spatial pattern for the semi-arid loess hilly-gully region in China, Catena. 81, 196-202. 
Hajehforooshnia, Sh., Soffianian, A., Mahiny, A., Salman, Fakheran, S. (2011). Multi objective land allocation (MOLA) for zoning Ghamishloo Wildlife Sanctuary in Iran. Journal for Nature Conservation. 19, 254– 262.
Kamusoko, C., Aniya, M., Adi, B., & Manjoro, M. (2009). Rural sustainability under threat in Zimbabwe – Simulation of future land use/cover changes in the Bindura district based on the Markov-cellularautomata model, Applied Geography. 29, 435-447.
Lio, Q.B., Park, S.J., Vlek, P.L.G., Cremers, A.B. (2017). Land-Use Dynamic Simulator(LUDAS): a multi-agent system model for simulating spatio-temporal dynamics of coupled human–landscape system. I. Structure and theoretical specification. Ecological Informatics. 3, 135–153.
Lingmann-Zielinska, A., Church, R.L., Jankowski, P. (2008). Spatial optimization as a generative technique for sustainable multi objective land-use allocation. Int. J. Georgr. Inf. Sci. 22(6), 601-622.
Meijl, H.V., Rheenen, T.V., Tabeau, A., Eickhout, B. (2006). the impact of different policy environments on agricultural land use in Europe, Agriculture Ecosystems Environment. 114(1), 21-38.
Mahmoudi Chenari, H., Rahimi Poursheikhani Nejad, M., Momeni Taromsari, F., Nasiri Jan Agha, F., Jensi, Z. (2021). Explaining the Role of Establishing Skills Homes in the Development of Sustainable Rural Employment by Scenario Method (Case Study: Rural Areas of East Guiln). Human Geography Research Volume 53 Summer 1400 No. 1 (116 consecutive)
Nourqolipour, R., Mohamed Shariff, A., Rashid, B., Noordin, B., Balasundram, S.K., Sood, A.M., Buyong, T., & Amiri, F., (2015). Multi-objective-based modeling for land use change analysis in the South West of Selangor, Malaysia, Environ Earth Sci. (74), 4133–4143.
Rahimipur Sheikhani, M., Mahmudi., H., Momeni., F., Nasiri., Z., Jensi., Z. (2020). Significance Analysis - Performance of Sustainable Rural Employment Indicators Based on Natural Environment (Case Study: Rural Area of East Guilan). University of Guilan. 1(3), 115-145.
Ramezani, N., & Jafari, R. (2014). Detection of land use change and land cover in 1404 horizon using CA Markov chain model, Case study, Esfarayen, Geographical Research Quarterly. 29(115), 83-96.
Svoray, T., Bar, P., & Bannet, T. (2005). Urban land-use allocation in a Mediterranean ecotone: habitat heterogeneity model incorporated in a GIS using a multi-criteria mechanism. Landscape and Urban Planning. 72, 337–351.
Taleshi, M., Afrakhteh, H., Rahimipour Sheikhani Nejad, A. (2018). Modeling the sustainable allocation of land use in rural areas of East Guilan, Payame Noor University of Tehran. (in Persian).
Verburg, P.H., Veldkamp, A. (2004). Projecting land use transitions at forest fringes in the Philippines at two spatial scales. Landscape Ecol. 19, 77–98.
Vebrug, P.H., Tabeau, A., Hatna, E. (2013). Assessing spatial uncertainties of land allocation using a scenario approach and sensitivity analysis: a study for land use in Europe’s Environ. Manage. 127, 132-144.
Wang, Sh., Wang, X., Zhang, H. (2015). Simulation on optimized allocation of land resource based on DE-CA model, Ecological Modelling. 314, 135-144. 
Zhang, J. Fu, M., Zhang, Z., Tao, J., & Fu, W. (2014). A trade-off approach of optimal land allocation between socio-economic development and ecological stability. Ecological Modelling. 272, 175–187.