تحلیل هزینه‌‏کرد وام‌‏های کسب‌‏وکارهای خرد در توسعه اشتغال روستایی؛ کاربست مدل رگرسیون لجستیک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه مدیریت و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مدیریت و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 استاد، گروه مدیریت و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

اعطای اعتبارات خرد با هدف اشتغال و رونق تولید، روش مناسبی برای توانمند‌سازی فقرا، درآمدزایی، کاهش فقر و بهبود امنیت غذایی به شمار می‏رود. با وجود این، شواهد حاکی از آن است که بخشی از اعتبارات مذکور، دچار مخاطرات اخلاقی شده و گیرندگان وام تولیدی، آن را در مسیری غیر از تولید به مصرف می‏رسانند. پژوهش حاضر، در پی بررسی نحوه هزینه‌کرد وام‌های کسب‏وکار اعطایی توسط صندوق‏های خرد محلی شهرستان قلعه‏گنج استان کرمان و شناخت مهم‏ترین عوامل مؤثر بر هدایت صحیح آن‌ها بود. جامعه آماری این تحقیق ۲۱ هزار نفر روستایی عضو صندوق‌های اعتباری خرد راه‏اندازی شده در شهرستان قلعه‌گنج بود. حجم نمونه، با استفاده از نرم‏افزار G*Power، ۲۰۳ نفر تعیین و نمونه‌گیری، با روش چند مرحله‌ای انجام شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد 8/46 درصد اعضا، وام تولیدی خود را در مسیر غیرتولیدی مصرف و آن را از کسبوکار خارج کرده بودند، 3/44 درصد وام خویش را در جهت حفظ کسب‌وکار قبلی و 9/8 درصد اعضا وام خویش را در جهت ایجاد شغل جدید استفاده کرده بودند. تحلیل رگرسیون لجستیک نشان داد که متغیرهای «تعداد دفعات نظارت»، «تعداد اعضای گروه»، «عدم رضایت از بالا بودن اقساط وام»، «ادراک از کنترل رفتار»، «ادراک از عملکرد شغلی»، «ادراک از زمینه پیشرفت‌ شغلی» و «سطح تحصیلات» توانسته‌اند بین ۴6 تا ۶1 درصد از تغییرات متغیر وابسته «میزان هزینه‌کرد وام در توسعه کسب‌و‌کار» را تبیین نمایند. 

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