بررسی نقش گردشگری روستایی در توسعه اشتغال پایدار ساکنان در دوران پساکرونا با رویکرد سناریونگاری (موردمطالعه: شهرستان سرعین)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار، گروه مدیریت دولتی و گردشگری، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

چکیده

از دیرباز، اشتغال پایدار در روستاها یکی از اصلی‌ترین اهداف کشورها است. گردشگری روستایی به‌عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین انواع گردشگری، نقش مهمی را ایفا می‌نماید. شیوع ویروس کرونا چالش‌های بسیار بزرگی را برای صنعت گردشگری به وجود آورد که تأثیرات و پیامدهای منفی آن، موجب گردید که کشورها به دنبال اتخاذ اقداماتی باشند. یکی از مهم‌ترین آن‌ها، سناریوپردازی است که هدف اصلی تحقیق حاضر نیز بررسی نقش گردشگری روستایی در توسعه اشتغال پایدار ساکنان در دوران پساکرونا با رویکرد سناریونگاری است. روش تحقیق، آمیخته است که با استفاده از رویکرد متوالی اکتشافی در دو فاز کیفی - کمّی انجام شد. روش‌های به‌کاررفته به ترتیب «تحلیل مضمون و برنامه‌ریزی سناریو» و جامعه آماری شامل خبرگان حوزه‌های مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، گردشگری روستایی، مدیریت دولتی، مددکاری اجتماعی، جامعه‌شناسی، جغرافیای روستایی است که با استفاده از نمونه‌گیری هدفمند، 13 نفر از آن‌ها مشارکت داشتند. مطابق با یافته‌ها در فاز اول که با استفاده از روش تحلیل مضمون انجام شده است، مضامین استخراج‌شده از مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته در قالب 48 مضمون پایه، 14 مضمون سازمان‌دهنده و 4 مضمون فراگیر هستند که برای شناسایی پیشران‌ها به مرحله بعدی راه می‌یابند. مطابق با یافته‌های فاز کمّی، چهار سناریو شناسایی شدند که عبارت‌اند از: درهای باز اقتصادی؛ گردشگری خانه دوم؛ سپر دفاعی اقتصادی؛ انزوای اقتصادی و قفل اجباری. باتوجه‌به نتایج، گردشگری در مناطق روستایی، نه‌تنها باعث توسعه اشتغال پایدار می‌شود، بلکه تأثیر زیادی بر ساکنان، به‌ویژه بر ایجاد شغل و درآمد آن‌ها دارد. این مقوله منجر به تغییر عظیمی در تحرک نیروی کار در روستاها شده است و نه‌تنها انتخاب‌های شغلی را غنی و بزرگ کرده است، بلکه اشتغال روستایی را متنوع‌تر و پایدارتر کرده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Role of Rural Tourism in the Development of Sustainable Employment of Residents in the Post-Corona Era with a Scenario Approach (Case Study: Sarein County)

نویسنده [English]

  • Javad Madani
Assistant Professor, Department of Public Administration and Tourism, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Sustainable rural employment has always been one of the most substantial goals of countries. As an important type of tourism, rural tourism plays a vital role in this context. The COVID-19 pandemic led to many challenges for the tourism industry, and the subsequent negative consequences made countries take some effective measures for the period coming after the pandemic. Scenario writing is one of the measures taken in this case. Accordingly, the crucial purpose of the extant study was to examine the role of rural tourism in developing sustainable employment of residents during the post-corona era by using a scenario-planning approach. The mixed method was used in this research by employing an exploratory-sequential approach within two qualitative and quantitative phases. Thematic Analysis and Scenario Planning were used in the present paper. The statistical population of the study comprised of experts in rural management and planning, rural tourism, public administration, social work, sociology, and rural geography who were examined based on the purposive sampling method. According to findings of the first phase conducted using thematic analysis, the themes extracted from semi-structured interviews were classified into 48 basic, 14 organizing, and 4 global themes used to identify drivers in the next step. Following quantitative results, four scenarios were found, including Economic open doors, Second home tourism, Economic defense shield, Economic isolation and Lockdown. Therefore, rural tourism not only contributes to sustainable employment development but also affects residents, especially their job creation and income. Rural tourism has led to a considerable change in labor mobility in villages by enriching job choices and diversifying more sustainable rural employment. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rural tourism
  • Sustainable employment
  • Post-corona era
  • Scenario writing
  • Sarein

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پژوهش های روستائی
دوره 13، شماره 3
آذر 1401
صفحه 390-407

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 17 دی 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 13 مرداد 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 15 مرداد 1401

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