بررسی مؤلفه‌های مؤثر بر پایداری معماری روستایی (موردمطالعه: روستای ارمیان میامی)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مربی، گروه معماری، دانشکده مهندسی معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران.

2 کارشناسی، گروه معماری، دانشکده مهندسی معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران.

چکیده

مفهوم پایداری از گذشته در معماری روستایی ایران وجود داشته است. اما امروزه تغییرات اجتماعی و اقتصادی، تحولاتی را در معماری روستایی ایجاد کرده و در روستاهای امروزی به مفهوم پایداری کمتر توجه شده است. در این میان معماری روستایی قدیم دارای شاخص‌های ارزشمندی در حوزه پایداری است که می‌تواند پس از شناسایی و تحلیل، در طراحی جدید مورد بهره‌برداری قرار گیرد. هدف این پژوهش، بررسی مؤلفه‌های مؤثر در ایجاد پایداری و نمود آن‌ها در معماری روستای ارمیان است. این پژوهش از لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از لحاظ روش توصیفی - تحلیلی است. بدین منظور ابتدا با مطالعه منابع کتابخانه‌ای، ابعاد پایداری و مؤلفه‌های آن مشخص شده و پس از تحلیل محتوا، چهارچوب نظری ارائه گردیده است. سپس با مطالعه میدانی و با شیوه تحلیلی، در نمونه موردی روستای ارمیان میامی موردبررسی قرار گرفته است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که ابعاد اجتماعی، فرهنگی، اقتصادی و محیطی در پایداری معماری روستایی مؤثر هستند. در بعد پایداری اجتماعی مؤلفه‌ هویت ‌اجتماعی، حس‌تعلق، تعاملات ‌اجتماعی، سرزندگی و امنیت‌اجتماعی و در بعد پایداری فرهنگی مؤلفه مشارکت و همبستگی، سرمایه و میراث فرهنگی، ارزش و هنجار فرهنگی و در بعد پایداری اقتصادی مؤلفه نوع مصالح، پرهیز از بیهودگی، وضعیت اشتغال و معیشت و در بعد پایداری محیطی مؤلفه هماهنگی با شرایط اقلیمی، پویایی و سازگاری، احترام و حفظ محیط تأثیرگذار است. همه این مؤلفه‌ها و شاخص‌های آن‌‌ در بافت و مسکن روستای ارمیان نمود پیدا کرده‌ و معماری روستای ارمیان مصداقی از معماری بومی پایدار است که با هویت،‌ اقلیم، فرهنگ و سبک زندگی روستایی انطباق دارد. 

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