ناپایداری منابع آب کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی در دشت رفسنجان

نوع مقاله : مقاله برگرفته از پایان نامه

نویسندگان

1 دکتری، گروه جغرافیای انسانی و آمایش، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه جغرافیای انسانی و آمایش، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه جغرافیای انسانی و آمایش، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

خشکسالی یا ناپایداری منابع آب کشاورزی آثاری را در ابعاد مختلف اقتصادی، اجتماعی، سیاسی و زیست‌محیطی به‌ویژه در سکونتگاه‌های روستایی به همراه دارد. در این پژوهش ارتباط بین ناپایداری منابع آب در بخش کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی در قالب ابعاد محیطی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی در سکونتگاه‌های روستایی دشت رفسنجان موردبررسی قرار گرفته است. روش انجام پژوهش به‌صورت توصیفی- تحلیلی و مبتنی بر روش کمی است. بر اساس فرمول کوکران تعداد پرسش‌نامه‌ها از تعداد 53263 خانوار روستایی یا شهرهای کوچک با اقتصاد روستایی 380 نفر برآورد شده که در طی تحقیق و بر اساس محدودیت‌ها و حذف پرسش‌نامه‌های نادرست، تعداد نمونه‌ها به 313 مورد رسید. پرسش‌نامه‌ها در 16 طبقه دهستانی توزیع شده‌اند. در ادامه، در نرم‌افزار SPSS میانگین شاخص‌های اقتصادی، اجتماعی و محیطی، مهاجرت و کمیت و کیفیت آب مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته و نتایج جهت سنجش معناداری در آزمون T مستقل تک نمونه‌ای، دوجمله‌ای یا باینومیال و کولموگوروف - اسمیرنوف بررسی شده و در تأثیر خشک‌سالی در دهستان‌های مختلف مورد مقایسه قرار گرفته است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد شاخص‌های محیطی موردبررسی با میانگین 99/3، شاخص‌های اقتصادی با میانگین 88/3 و شاخص‌های اجتماعی با میانگین 004/4 در طیف 5 تایی لیکرت تحت تأثیر خشکسالی قرار گرفته است. بر این اساس، پس از وقوع کم‌آبی یا خشک‌سالی، محیط طبیعی و انسانی تحت تأثیر قرار گرفته و توسعه روستایی در ابعاد محیطی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی در دشت رفسنجان با اختلال مواجه شده و مسائلی چون کاهش سطح زیرکشت کشاورزی، کاهش درآمد، نشست زمین، فقر، بیکاری، مهاجرت و پیامدهای زیست‌محیطی را به دنبال داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Instability of Agricultural Water Resources and Rural Development in Rafsanjan Plain

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeid Salehian 1
  • Mostafa Kadkhodaei 2
  • Rahmatolla Monshi Zadeh 3
  • Mohammad Taghi Razvian 3
1 PhD, Department of Human Geography and Logistics, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
2 PhD Student, Department of Human Geography and Logistics, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Human Geography and Logistics, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Drought or instability of agricultural water resources has effects in various economic, social, political, environmental, etc. dimensions, especially in rural settlements. In this research, the relationship between the instability of water resources in the agricultural sector and rural development in the form of environmental, economic and social dimensions in the rural settlements of Rafsanjan plain has been investigated. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on a quantitative method. Based on Cochran's formula, the number of questionnaires from 53263 rural households or small towns with the rural economies is estimated to be 380, and during the research and based on the limitations and removal of incorrect questionnaires, the number of samples reached 313. Questionnaires have been distributed in 16 rural districts. Then, the average of economic, social and environmental indicators, migration and quantity and quality of water were analyzed in SPSS software and the results were analyzed to measure significance in independent one-sample, binomial or binomial and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. The results of the research show that the investigated environmental indicators with an average of 3.99, economic indicators with an average of 3.88 and social indicators with an average of 4.004 on the five-point Likert scale are affected by drought. Based on this, after the occurrence of water scarcity or drought, the natural and human environment is affected and the rural development in the environmental, social and economic dimensions in the Rafsanjan Plain is disrupted and issues such as the reduction of the area under agricultural cultivation, income reduction, and land subsidence have led to poverty, unemployment, immigration and environmental consequences.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water Resources Instability
  • Drought Consequences
  • Rafsanjan Plain
  • Rural Settlement
  • T Test
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