طراحی محیط و منظر پیراشهری با بهره‌گیری از شاخص اکولوژیک مبتنی بر داده‌های سنجش از دور (موردمطالعه: منظر حاشیه شهر اراک)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی طراحی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده محیط‌زیست، پردیس دانشکده‌های فنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 کارشناس ارشد، گروه مهندسی طراحی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده محیط‌زیست، پردیس دانشکده‌های فنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

تغییر کاربری اراضی و توسعه تدریجی در حاشیه شهرها، از بین رفتن مناظر طبیعی، کشاورزی و مشکلات زیست‌ محیطی در فضاهای پیراشهری را به دنبال داشته‌است. مطالعه، ترمیم و بهسازی این اثرها بر مبنای اصول و روش‌های طراحی محیطی امری ضروری و چالش برانگیز است. با‌توجه‌به وضعیت موجود در حاشیه شرقی شهر اراک و موضوع رشد و توسعه، توجه به محیط و منظر این بخش از شهر، به دلیل ارزشمندی خاک مرغوب، وجود نواحی روستایی، باغ‌ها و اراضی کشاورزی، از اهمیت بسیاری برخوردار است. در راستای ارزیابی وضعیت این منطقه، شاخص‌ اکولوژیک مبتنی بر سنجش از دور (Remote sensing-based ecological index)، با چهار زیر شاخص نواحی ساخته شده، پوشش گیاهی، دمای سطح زمین و رطوبت سطحی، به‌کار گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که کیفیت اکولوژیک در پهنه‌های مختلف در اثر توسعه زیرساخت‌‌ها، سطوح نفوذناپذیر شهری، اراضی صنعتی و به طور کلی فضاهای حاصل از فشار فعالیت‌های انسانی، مقادیر پایین‌تر و در باغات، اراضی کشاورزی فعال روستایی و پارک‌ها و فضای سبز پراکنده مقادیر بالاتری را به خود اختصاص داده بود. سپس نتایج حاصل در چهارچوب فشار-وضعیت-پاسخ، تحلیل شد. در پایان بخشی از اراضی قنات ناصری، با‌توجه‌به باغات باقی‌مانده و فضاهای روستایی و کشاورزی آن در لبه شهر، بر اساس یافته‌ها و تحلیل‌‌های تحقیق، به‌منظور حفظ و گسترش ارزش‌های اکولوژیک موجود، با ایده‌ها و سیاست‌‌گذاری‌ها، مورد بازطراحی قرار گرفت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Landscape Design for Suburban Area Using an Ecological Index Based on Remote Sensing Data (Case Study: Suburb of Arak City)

نویسندگان [English]

  • AmirHoushang Ehsani 1
  • Zahra Hosseinabadi 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Design, School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 MSc. in Environmental Design, School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Expansion of cities on the fringes has caused the loss of natural landscapes, agricultural lands and environmental problems. Restoring and improving these effects based on the principles of environmental design is a necessary matter. Considering the current state of development of Arak city on the eastern edge, it is very important to pay attention to this part due to the value of high-quality soil, the existence of rural areas, gardens and agricultural lands. In this paper, a part of the eastern fringe of Arak was studied by satellite data and remote sensing-based ecological Index (RSEI) that includes four sub-indices: built-up area, vegetation cover, land surface temperature and land surface moisture. Integrating them was done by principal component analysis. The results showed that the lower ecological quality in different areas was caused by the development of infrastructures, impervious urban surfaces, industrial lands and in general the spaces resulting from the pressure of human activities and the ecological quality was higher in gardens, active rural agricultural lands and scattered parks and green spaces. Then, the results were analyzed in the pressure-state-response framework, and a part of the land named "Qanat Naseri" was redesigned in order to maintain and expand the existing ecological values based on the results and analysis.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Urban fringe
  • Assessment
  • Urban-Rural
  • Improvement
  • Landscape
  • Redesign
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