طراحی محیط و منظر پیراشهری با بهره‌گیری از شاخص اکولوژیک مبتنی بر داده‌های سنجش از دور (موردمطالعه: منظر حاشیه شهر اراک)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی طراحی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده محیط‌زیست، پردیس دانشکده‌های فنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 کارشناس ارشد، گروه مهندسی طراحی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده محیط‌زیست، پردیس دانشکده‌های فنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

تغییر کاربری اراضی و توسعه تدریجی در حاشیه شهرها، از بین رفتن مناظر طبیعی، کشاورزی و مشکلات زیست‌ محیطی در فضاهای پیراشهری را به دنبال داشته‌است. مطالعه، ترمیم و بهسازی این اثرها بر مبنای اصول و روش‌های طراحی محیطی امری ضروری و چالش برانگیز است. با‌توجه‌به وضعیت موجود در حاشیه شرقی شهر اراک و موضوع رشد و توسعه، توجه به محیط و منظر این بخش از شهر، به دلیل ارزشمندی خاک مرغوب، وجود نواحی روستایی، باغ‌ها و اراضی کشاورزی، از اهمیت بسیاری برخوردار است. در راستای ارزیابی وضعیت این منطقه، شاخص‌ اکولوژیک مبتنی بر سنجش از دور (Remote sensing-based ecological index)، با چهار زیر شاخص نواحی ساخته شده، پوشش گیاهی، دمای سطح زمین و رطوبت سطحی، به‌کار گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که کیفیت اکولوژیک در پهنه‌های مختلف در اثر توسعه زیرساخت‌‌ها، سطوح نفوذناپذیر شهری، اراضی صنعتی و به طور کلی فضاهای حاصل از فشار فعالیت‌های انسانی، مقادیر پایین‌تر و در باغات، اراضی کشاورزی فعال روستایی و پارک‌ها و فضای سبز پراکنده مقادیر بالاتری را به خود اختصاص داده بود. سپس نتایج حاصل در چهارچوب فشار-وضعیت-پاسخ، تحلیل شد. در پایان بخشی از اراضی قنات ناصری، با‌توجه‌به باغات باقی‌مانده و فضاهای روستایی و کشاورزی آن در لبه شهر، بر اساس یافته‌ها و تحلیل‌‌های تحقیق، به‌منظور حفظ و گسترش ارزش‌های اکولوژیک موجود، با ایده‌ها و سیاست‌‌گذاری‌ها، مورد بازطراحی قرار گرفت.

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