تحلیل و ارزیابی شاخص امنیت آب (WSI) در حوزه آبخیز دشت نیشابور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکتری، گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

3 استاد، گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

4 استاد، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

ناکامی و ناکارآمدی سیاست‌های گذشته مدیریت منابع آب موجب شده تا حرکتی برای بازنگری، آسیب‌شناسی و یافتن راه‌هایی برای افزایش کارایی مدیریت منابع آب و به دنبال آن افزایش امنیت آب آغاز گردد. ازآنجاکه عوامل زیادی بر امنیت آب تأثیرگذار است، شناخت این عوامل می‌تواند در ارتقای عملکرد مدیریت پایای منابع آب تأثیرگذار باشد. ازاین‌رو هدف از این پژوهش، تعیین شاخص امنیت آب (WSI) با کمک چهارچوب ارزیابی وضعیت امنیت آب در مقیاس حوزه آبخیز به‌منظور تجزیه‌وتحلیل جامع مسئله بحران آب و پیامدهای ناشی از این کم‌آبی در حوزه آبخیز دشت نیشابور است. جامعه آماری موردمطالعه 125 نفر از کشاورزان حوزه است که حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران تعیین و با روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی با افراد مصاحبه گردید. همچنین پرسش‌نامه‌های عامل نهادی نیز با روش نمونه‌گیری گلوله برفی از کارشناسان سازمان‌های مرتبط با آب تکمیل گردید. نتایج نشان می‌دهد در بین 5 معیار اصلی شناسایی‌شده جهت ارزیابی امنیت آب، معیار اقتصاد آب در طول 3 دوره آماری موردمطالعه (1390-1391، 1395-1396 و 1398-1399) روند افزایشی داشته و در سال آبی 1398-1399 بیشترین مقدار را به خود اختصاص داده است. اما به‌طورکلی روند وضعیت امنیت آب کلی در حوزه آبخیز دشت نیشابور طی 10 سال گذشته روند کاهشی داشته و در وضعیت ضعیف قرار دارد. بنابراین، در صورت توجه سازمان‌های دست‌اندرکار در مدیریت منابع آب به معیارهای اثرگذار بر مفهوم امنیت آب، با بهره‌گیری و پیاده‌سازی چهارچوب ارائه‌شده در این پژوهش، می‌توان با آسیب‌شناسی صحیح و به‌موقع، ارتقای ظرفیت سازگاری و تدوین برنامه‌های عملیاتی مؤثر، به مدیریت پایاتر و جامع منابع آب در حوزه‌های آبخیز کشور دست یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis and Assessment of Water Security Index (WSI) in Neyshabour Plain Watershed

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Yazdanparast 1
  • Mehdi Ghorbani 2
  • Ali Salajegheh 3
  • Reza Kerachian 4
1 PhD Graduate, Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
3 Professor, Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
4 Professor, School of Civil Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The failure and inefficiency of past water resources management policies have led to a movement to review, pathologize, and find ways to increase the efficiency of water resources management and subsequently increase water security. Since many factors affect water security, recognizing these factors can improve the performance of sustainable water resources management. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the water security index (WSI) with the help of the watershed security assessment framework at the watershed scale to comprehensively analyze the water crisis and the consequences of this water shortage in the Neyshabour Plain. The statistical population of the study is 125 farmers in the area the sample size was determined using Cochran's formula and people were interviewed by random sampling method. Also, institutional factor questionnaires were completed by snowball sampling method from experts of water-related organizations. The results show that among the 5 main dimensions identified to assess water security, the water economy dimension has had an increasing trend during the 3 statistical periods studied (2012-2013, 2016-2017 and 2019-2020) and in 2019-2020, it has had the highest amount. But in general, the water security situation in the watershed of Neyshabour Plain has been decreasing over the past 10 years and is in a weak status. In this regard, if stakeholders in water resources management pay attention to the factors affecting the concept of water security, by using and implementing the framework presented in this study, it is possible to improve the compatibility capacity and develop effective operational plans with correct and timely pathology and achieve more stable and comprehensive management of water resources in the country's watersheds.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water Economy
  • Water Security
  • Neyshabour Plain
  • Adaptive Capacity
  • Water Resource Management
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