طرح‌واره‌های تضاد بر سر آب از دیدگاه کنشگران پروژه آب‌رسانی روستاهای حوضه سد گاوشان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

3 دکتری، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

چکیده

تحقیقات بسیاری در حوزه بررسی تضاد پروژه‌های روستایی انجام شده است، اما کمتر پژوهشی را می‌توان یافت که به واکاوی این تضادها در یک چهارچوب مشارکتی پرداخته باشد. این در حالی است که شناسایی این تضادها توسط برنامه‌ریزان و متولیان آب می‌تواند زمینه‌ساز مدیریت پایدار منابع آب از مسیر مدیریت تضاد باشد. ازاین‌رو در پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از پارادایم طبیعت‌گرایانه تلاش شد به درک عمیق‌تری نسبت تضادها دست یافت. افراد موردمطالعه از طریق نمونه‌گیری از موارد ویژه انتخاب شدند. اطلاعات موردنیاز با استفاده از مصاحبه‌های نیمه ساختاریافته انفرادی جمع‌آوری شد. تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از جدول گرافیکی دو بعدی طرح صور فلکی انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد بین ذی‌نفعان پروژه آب‌رسانی، تضادهایی وجود داشته و بیش‏ترین تضاد بین مردم روستا با شرکت آب منطقه‌ای و سازمان جهاد کشاورزی و تضادهای بین مردم محلی بوده است. نتایج این تحقیق به متولیان آب منطقه‌ای کمک می‌کند تا به درک واقعی‌تری نسبت به تضاد آب در منطقه دست یابند و از این مسیر به مدیریت اثربخش منابع آب کمک کنند.  

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Schematic Representation of the Water Conflict from Activists’ Perspective in the Villages of the Gavshan Dam Basin

نویسندگان [English]

  • Soheila Sefidgar 1
  • Farahnaz Rostami 2
  • Maryam Tatar 3
1 MSc., Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
2 Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Campus of Agriculture Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension & Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
3 PhD, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Much research has been conducted in the field of conflict in rural projects, however, less can be found to analyze these conflicts in a collaborative framework. Meanwhile, the identification of these conflicts by water planners and policymakers can lead to sustainable management of water resources through conflict management. Therefore, the present study seeks to gain a deeper insight into the conflicts using a qualitative method. The samples were selected through critical case sampling. Data were collected using individual semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was done using a two-dimensional graphic table of constellations. The results showed that there were conflicts between the beneficiaries of the water supply project, and the biggest conflict was between the rural, the regional water company and the agricultural organization, and the conflicts between the local people. It is hoped that the results of this research will help the water trustees of the region to gain a more realistic understanding of the water conflict in the region, and in this way, help the effective management of water resources. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dam Building Projects Conflict of Interest Conflict Pattern Assessment (CPA)
  • Gawshan Dam
  • Farmers
Abedi Sarvestani, A., Ezzati, N., & Abdollahzadeh, G.H. (2021). Water conflict and its management strategies among users of common water wells: the case study of farmers in Bahar city in Hamedan province, Water Resources Engineering Quarterly, 14(49), 1-12 (In Persian).
Ahmadvand, M., & Karami, E. (2009). A social impact assessment of the floodwater spreading project on the Gareh–Bygone plain in Iran: a causal comparative approach. Environ Impact Assess Rev, 29,126–136.
Amirkhani, P., Rostami, F., Gravandi, Sh. (2021). Root analysis of factors limiting the success of the water pumping station project in Qomshe Faraman village, Kermanshah city. Geography and Environmental Planning, 33(1), 89-112 (In Persian).
Balali, M. R., Keulartz, J., & Korthals, M. (2009). Reflexive Water Management in Arid Regions: The Case of Iran. Environmental Values. 18: 91-112.
Barli, O., Baskent, E., Turker, M., & Gedik, T. (2016). Analytical approach for analyzing and providing solutions for the conflicts among forest stakeholders across Turkey. Forest Policy and Economics, 9(3), 219-236.
Bijani, M., & Hayati, D. (2011). Water conflict in agricultural system in IRAN: A human ecological analysis. Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2, 27-40. 
Bijani, M., & Hayati, D. (2015). Farmers’ perceptions toward agricultural water conflict: The case of Doroodzan dam irrigation network, Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology (JAST),17 (3),561-575.
Bijani, M., Hayati, D., Azadi, H., Tanaskovik, V., & Witlox, F. (2020). Causes and Consequences of the Conflict among Agricultural Water Beneficiaries in Iran. Sustainability, 12 (16), 1-22.
Claussen, E. (2004). An effective approach to climate change. Science, 306(5697), 816.
Fallah-Alipour, S., Mehrabi Boshrabadi, H., Zare Mehrjerdi, M. R., & Hayati, D. (2018). A framework for empirical assessment of agricultural sustainability: The case of Iran. Sustainability, 10(12), 4823. 
Ghasemi, M., Karmi Dehkordi, E., & Ebrahimi, A. (2016). Analysis of the conflict between social activists in the fields of natural resources and its effects on rural society (case study: Borujen city). Rural Research, 8(4), 635-648 (In Persian).
Gleik, P.H. (2014). Water, drought, climate change, and conflict in Syria. Journal of the American Mathematical Society, 6 (2), 331- 340. 
Guba, E. G., Lincoln, Y. S. (1994).Competing paradigms in qualitative research, Handbook of qualitative research, London CA: Sage Publication.
Hjorts, C. N., Christensen, S. M., & Tarp, P. (2005). Rapid stakeholder and conflict assessment for natural resource management using cognitive mapping: The case of dam forest enterprise, Vietnam. Agriculture and Human Values, 22(2), 149-67. doi: 10.1007/s10460-004-8275-z
Julio, N., Figueroa, R., Ponce Oliva, R. D. (2021). Water Resources and Governance Approaches: Insights for Achieving Water Security. Water, 13, 3063. https:// doi.org/10.3390/w13213063.
karimi gougheri, H., Rezaei Moghaddam, K., & Rezaei, A. (2018). Social Network Analysis, a new approach to Explain Pluralistic Extension and Education System: The case of Kerman Province. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 49(2), 311-329. 
Mahab Quds Consulting Engineering Company (2013). National COW plan. Revision report of temporary diversion and flood discharge systems of Gavshan Reservoir Dam: 1-39.
Mahato, K. B., & Ogunlana, S.O. (2011). Conflict dynamics in a dam construction project: a case study, Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 1(2), 176-194. 
Muigua, K. (2016). Managing natural resource conflicts in Kenya through negotiation and mediation. Alternative Dispute Resolution (CIArb Kenya), 4(2), 1-63.
Mutimba, J. K. (2014). Reflections on agricultural extension and extension policy in Africa. South African. Journal of Agricultural Extension, 42(1), 15-26.
Naderi, L., Karmi Dehkordi,E., Moghadis, M., & Badsar, M. (2022). Analysis of the interaction of demands, power, participation and conflict of stakeholders in water crisis management in Zayandeh Rood basin. Environmental Research, 13(25), 379-398.
OECD. (2016). Water Governance in Cities, OECD Studies on Water; OECD Publishing: Paris, France.
OECD. (2021). Toolkit for Water Policies and Governance Converging Towards the OECD Council Recommendation on Water. OECD Publishing: Paris, France.
Ramirez, R. (1999). Stakeholder analysis and conflict management. In D. Buckles (ed.), Cultivating peace: Conflict and collaboration in natural resource management (pp. 101-26). Washington, D. C.: World Bank Institute.
Ranjabr, E., Haq Doust, A., Salsali, M., Khoshdal, A., Soleimani, S., & Bahrami, N. (2011). Sampling in qualitative research: a guide for getting started. Scientific Research. Journal of the University of Medical Sciences of the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran. 10(3): 238-250. 
Rogers, P., & Hall, A. W. (2003). Effective water governance (Vol. 7). Stockholm: Global water partnership.
Saidi, A., Talshi, M., Zia, Noushin, M. M. (2016). Analysis of organizational network effective on rural creep in rural settlements around Hamadan. Rural Research, 8(3), 454-469.
Sefidgar dizgarani, S., Rostami, F., Tatar, M. (2022). Qualitative assessment of the social-environmental components of the Gaoshan dam project from the point of view of the project actors. Sustainability, Development and Environment, 3(3), 67-82 (In Persian).
Sauer, A. (2008). Conflict pattern analysis: Preparing the ground for participation in policy implementation. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 21(6), 497-515. 
Silima, T. (2016). Good governance and conflict resolution in Africa. Journal of Public Administration and Development Alternatives (JPADA), 1(1), 1-14.
Solaymani, S. (2021). A review on energy and renewable energy policies in Iran. Sustainability, 13(13), 7328.
Tatar, M., Papzan, A.H., & Ahmadvand, M. (2019). Explaining the Good Governance of Agricultural Surface Water Resources in the Gawshan Watershed Basin, Kermanshah, Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 21. 1379-1393.
Tatar, M., Papzan, A.H., & Ahmadvand, M. (2022). Understanding factors that contribute to farmers' water conflict behavior. Water policy. 24 (4): 589–607.
Uprety, D. R. (2006). Conflicts in natural resource management -examples from community forestry. Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Agrarökonomie, 15,143-155. 
Veisi, Keivan., Bijani, M., & Abbasi, E. (2020). A Human Ecological Analysis of Water Conflict in Rural Areas: Evidence from Iran. Global Ecology and Conservation.23 (2), 1-12.  
Wang, X. J., Yang, H., Shi, M. J., Zhou, D. Y., & Zhang, Z. Y. (2015). Managing stakeholders' conflicts for water reallocation from agriculture to industry in the Heihe River Basin in Northwest China, Sci. Total Environ., 505 (1), 823–832.
World Commission on Dam (WCD). (2000). Participation, Negotiation and Conflict Management in Large Dams, World Commission on Dams Secretariat, http://www.dams.org Viewed on (2007/11 /2)