روستائیان و رفتارهای محیط‌زیستی (مطالعه‌ای کیفی در باب چگونگی وضعیت جامعه‌پذیری محیط‌زیستی در روستاهای غرب گیلان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله برگرفته از پایان نامه

نویسندگان

1 دکتری، گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.

چکیده

یکی از بنیادی‌ترین سازوکارهای نهادینه‌سازی فرهنگ حفاظت از محیط‌زیست، توسعه آموزه‌های محیط‌زیستی از طریق آموزش، پرورش و به‌طورکلی، جامعه‌پذیری است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی وضعیت و چگونگی جامعه‌پذیری محیط‌زیستی در استان گیلان (روستاهای طوالش) به روش کیفی است. جامعه مطالعاتی این تحقیق شامل 40 نفر از روستائیان و کارشناسان است که با استفاده از نمونه‌گیری هدفمند مورد مصاحبه نیمه‌ساخت‌یافته قرار گرفتند. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از تحلیل محتوای کیفی مبتنی بر قیاسی جهت‌دار و به‌واسطه کدگذاری، مقوله‌بندی و یافتن روابط قاعده‌مند بین مقولات و مفهوم انجام شد. اعتبار تحقیق به دو شیوه باورپذیر کردن گزینشی و ارزیابی اعتبار به روش ارتباطی حاصل گردید. بر اساس مفهوم «جامعه‌پذیری محیط‌زیستی» به‌عنوان مفهوم اصلی تعدیل‌یافته مبتنی بر نظریه ارزش‌های مادی/فرامادی اینگلهارت، 4 مقوله، 6 زیرمقوله و 8 کد استخراج و تحلیل شد. نتایج تحقیق حاکی از وضعیت ضعیف جامعه‌پذیری محیط‌زیستی در نواحی روستایی‌ و وجود چالش‌ها و موانع جدی در این زمینه است. به‌عبارت‌دیگر، کارگزاران جامعه‌پذیری در زمینه جامعه‌پذیری محیط‌زیستی روستائیان موفق نبوده‌اند. گزاره نظری حاصل از مجموع این یافته‌ها عبارت است از: در نواحی روستایی، تولید فرهنگ حفاظت از محیط‌زیست تحت لوای ساختار آموزش‌وپرورش غیررسمی و رسمی مورد اهتمام جدی قرار نگرفته است. همچنین، این وضع بیانگر ناکارآمدی عملکرد آموزشی سایر سازمان‌ها در این زمینه است که موجب شد تا جامعه روستایی در معرض جامعه‌پذیری محیط‌زیستی قرار نگیرد. به‌طورکلی، نتایج تحقیق حاضر بیانگر توسعه‌نیافتگی آموزش‌وپرورش محیط‌زیستی در روستاها و درنهایت، عدم پرورش شناختی محیط‌زیستی روستائیان است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


Abul-Maali, K. (2012). Qualitative research from theory to practice. Tehran: Alam Publishing. (in Persian)
AGENDA 21, United Nations Conference on Environment & Development Rio de Janerio, Brazil. (1992). United Nations Sustainable Development. Retrieved from https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/outcomedocuments/agenda21
Alagheband, A. (2021). Sociology of Education.Tehran: Ravan Publishing. (in Persian)
Azkia, M., Ahmadresh, R., & Partazian, K. (2017). Qualitative research methods from theory to practice.Tehran: Aghat Publishing. (in Persian)
Badri, S.A., Rezvani, M.R., & Khodadadi, P. (2019). Analyzing the Qualitative Content of Spatial Policies of Rural Development in Iran’s Post Islamic Revolution. spatial planning: 9(1),1-24. (in Persian)
Baker, T,L. (2013). Doing Social Research. Translated by Nayebi, H., Tehran: Ney Publishing. (in Persian)
Brown, P., Corrigan, M.W., & Higgins-D'Alessandro, A. (2012). Handbook of Prosocial Educa-tion, published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. https://books.google.com/books?id=40Un7Po43MC&lpg=PR2&pg=PA2#v=onepage&q&f=false
Clayton, D.B., & Bass, S. (2002). Sustainable Development Strategies. London, Sterling, VA, Earthscan Publications Ltd.
Cohen, J. (2017). School Climate, Social Emotional Learning, and other Prosocial “Camps”: Similarities and a Difference. Teachers College Record,1-8.
Detailed results of population and housing census of 1395. (2017). Population and households of the country by province and city and by points, statistical information system of Gilan prov-ince.Management and planning organization of Gilan province, Deputy of statistics and infor-mation.https://mpogl.ir/amar/.2020/09/30
Dong, Y., & Hauschilda, M. Z. (2017). Indicators for environmental sustainability, The 24th CIRP Conference on Life Cycle Engineering: 697-702. DOI:10.1016/j.procir.2016.11.173
Flick, U. (2020). An introduction to qualitative research. Translated by Jalili, H., Tehran: Ney Publishing. (in Persian)
Fonllem, T. C., Verdugo, V.C., Sing, B.F., & Durón-Ramos, M.F. (2013). Assessing Sustainable Behavior and its Correlates: A Measure of Pro-Ecological, Frugal, Altruistic and Equitable Ac-tions. Sustainability, 5: 711-723. doi:10.3390/su5020711
Gazak.ir (2019). Map of the villages of Talesh, Rezvanshahr, Masal. http://gazak.ir
Giddens, A. (2014). Sociology.Translated by Chavoshian, H. Tehran: Ney Publishing. (in Per-sian)
Habibi, S., & Salehi, S. (2020). Explanation of Environmentalism and Modified Model of Post-Metamaterial Values theory. Sociological Studies, 27(2): 225-253. (in Persian)
Habibi, S., & Salehi, S. (2021). Understanding Environmental Concerns and Contexts: Applica-tion of grounded theory in rural areas of the West of Gilan. Sustainable Development of Geo-graphical Environment, 2 (5), 84-97. (in Persian)
Hasani, M., & Vodgdani, F. (2018). Qualitative content analysis of elementary school social studies books from the perspective of moral education. Islamic Education, 12(25): 29-54. (in Per-sian)
Human Development Report. (2020). The next frontier Human development and the Anthro-pocene. United Nations Development Programme(UNDP), 1 UN Plaza, New York, NY 10017 USA.
Human Development Report. (2021/2022). United Nations Development Pro-gramme(UNDP).Retrieved from https://reliefweb.int/report/world/human-development-report-20212022-uncertain-times-unsettled-lives-shaping-our-future-transforming-world-enruzh.
Iman, M.T., & Noushadi, M.R. (2012). Qualitative content analysis. Pazhuhesh, 3(2): 15-44. (in Persian)
Inglehart, R. (1977). The silent revolution: Changing values and political styles among Western publics, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Inglehart, R. (2000). Globalization and Postmodern Values. The Washington Quarterly, 23:215-228.
Inglehart, R., & Welzel, Ch. (2015). Modernization, cultural change, and democracy. Translat-ed by Ahmadi, y., Tehran: Kavir Publishing. (in Persian)
Inglehart, R. (2017). [Culture shift in advanced industrial society. Translated by Veter,M., Teh-ran: Kavir Publishing. (in Persian)
Irwin, A. (2015). Sociology and the environment. Translated by Sadegh Salehi. Babolsar: University of Mazandaran Publishing. (in Persian)
Kargozar, M., Mehrmohamadi, M., Talaee, E., & Shobeiri, S.M. (2021). Environmental Educa-tion and its Place in the Curriculum of the Second Elementary Course of the Iranian Educational System. Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, 9(2): 115 -132. (in Persian)
Keto, S., & Foster, R. (2021). Ecosocialization–an Ecological Turn in the Process of Socializa-tion. International Studies In Sociology Of Education, 30(1-2): 34-52.
Khajouie, E., Soltani, A., & Esmi, K.(2020). A Comparative Study of Environmental Educa-tion in Iran’s Primary Schools Curriculum and Selected Countries. Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, 8(2): 9-24. (in Persian)
Koger, S.M. (2013). Psychological and Behavioral Aspects of Sustainability. Sustainability, 5:3006-3008. doi:10.3390/su5073006
Krajhanzl, J. (2010). Environmental and Pro-environmental behaviors. In book: School and Health, Health Education: International Experiences, Publisher: Masarykova univerzita, MSD. BrnoEditors: Evžen Řehulka, 21:251-274.
Liu, J., Chen, Q., & Dang, J. (2022). New intergenerational evidence on reverse socialization of environmental literacy. Sustainability Science, 17: 2543–2555. DOI: 10.1007/s11625-022-01194-z
Management and Planning Organization of Gilan Province. (2017). Vice President of Infor-mation and Statistics. Deputy of statistics and information. https://sdb.mpogl.ir/table/public?id=6110c8e430dbe365d578776b
Mehraban, A.M. (2015). A review on qualitative content analysis and its application in re-search. Isfahan: Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Publishing. (in Persian)
Mirmohammad Tabar, S.A., Khorasani, M.M., Noghani M., & Toosi, A. (2018). The effect of social learning on environmentally destructive behaviors in farmers with an emphasis on the role of extension training. Agricultural Extension and Education Research, 10(4): 69-78. (in Persian)
Mohseni Tabrizi, A., & Salimi, A. (2012). Comparative qualitative content analysis and the use of Islamic teachings in social sciences. Methodology of Human Sciences, 18(72): 135-159. (in Persian)
Moradi, R., Kheshtzar, I., & mokhtari, M. (2020). Responsible action in the process of envi-ronmental socialization. Social Problems of Iran, 11(1): 285-308. (in Persian).
Neaman, A., Otto, S., Vinokur, E. (2018). Toward an Integrated Approach to Environmental and Prosocial Education. Sustainability, 10(583):1-11. doi:10.3390/su10030583
Nyika, J., & Mwema, F.M. (2021). Environmental Education and Its Effects on Environmental Sustainability. In book: Handbook of Research on Environmental Education Strategies for Ad-dressing Climate Change and Sustainability, Publisher: USA: IGI GLOBAL Publishing,182-199. file:///C:/Users/Pishro%20Rayane/Downloads/Environmental-Education-and-Its-Effects-on-Environmental-Sustainability.pdf
Otto, S., & Pensini, P. (2017). Nature-based environmental education of children: Environmen-tal knowledge and connectedness to nature, together, are related to ecological behavior. Global Environmental Change, 47:88–94.
Pourghasem, F., Alibaygi, A.H., & Popazan, A. (2021). The Challenges of Rural Women Envi-ronmental Literacy Extension: A Case of Kermanshah Province. Environment and interdiscipli-nanary development, 6(73): 35-48. (in Persian)
Queiroz, P., Garcia, O.F., Garcia, F., Zacares, J.J., & Camino, C. (2020). Self and Nature: Paren-tal Socialization, Self-Esteem, and Environmental Values in Spanish Adolescents. Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3732):1-14. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17103732.
Salehi, S., Habibi, S., Rezaei, A., & Firozjayan, A.A. (2021). An Analysis of Socio-Cultural Context of Environmental Issues: Applying Grounded Theory (Case Study: Rural Areas of Tavalesh). Rural Research, 12(3): 536-551. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.22059/jrur.2021.318572.1613. (in Persian)
Singh, P., Sahadev, S., Oates, C., & Alevizou, P. (2020). Pro-environmental behavior in fami-lies: A reverse socialization perspective. Business Research, 115:110-121.
Shiri, T., & Azimi, N. (2012). A comparative study of qualitative content analysis and herme-neutics. Sociology Studies, 4(15): 79-99. (in Persian)
Spangenberg, J.H. (2009). Sustainable development indicators: towards integrated systems as a tool for managing and monitoring a complex transition. Global Environmental Issues, 9(4):318-337.
Stockholm Declaration. (1972). Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment. https://docenti.unimc.it/elisa.scotti/teaching/2020/22646/files/stockholm-declaration.
Tanhai, H.A. (2016). Analytical Recognition of Modern Sociological Theories. Tehran: Elm Publishing. (in Persian)
The culture of settlements in Gilan province. (2012). Talesh, Rezvanshahr, Masal. Management and Planning Organization of Gilan Province. (in Persian)
The Workd Bank. (2022). Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above)-Iran, Islamic Rep. UNESCO Institute for Statistics(UIS). UIS.Stat Bulk Data Download Service. Ac-cessed October 24, 2022. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?locations=IR 
UNESCO. (2021). Education for sustainable development(ESD). Retrieved from https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/education_for_sustainable_development_final_-_january_2021_1.pdf