ارزیابی آثار اقتصادی - اجتماعی احداث سد بر روستاهای پیرامون (موردمطالعه: سد ایوشان، شهرستان خرم‌آباد)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد، گروه مدیریت توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه مدیریت توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران.

3 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران.

چکیده

سدها با ایجاد تغییرات در زیست‌بوم‌های طبیعی و انسانی پیرامون، همواره پیامدهایی را به دنبال داشته‌اند. لذا، هدف پژوهش حاضر ارزیابی آثار اقتصادی و اجتماعی سد ایوشان در استان لرستان بر روستاهای هم‌جوار بود که به شیوه پیمایش صورت پذیرفت. جامعه آماری پژوهش، خانوارهای ساکن در روستاهای محدوده سد ایوشان (ایوشان، چکمه‌سیاه، گل‌دره و چغلوندرود علیا) بودند که حجم نمونه با استفاده از جدول بارتلت و همکاران، 90 خانوار برآورد و متناسب با جمعیت هر روستاها به‌صورت تصادفی ساده در بین آن‌ها توزیع گردید. در هر خانوار، سرپرست آن مورد پرسش قرار گرفت. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها پرسش‌نامه‌ای محقق‌ساخته بود که روایی صوری آن توسط پانل متخصصان موضوعی (اساتید) موردبازنگری و تأیید قرار گرفت و پایایی آن نیز با انجام مطالعه راهنما با 25 سرپرست خانوار، خارج از محدوده تحقیق و محاسبه ضریب آلفای کرونباخ (623/0 تا 879/0) به دست آمد. یافته‌ها نشان داد، احداث سد ایوشان مؤلفه‌های اقتصادی را تحت تأثیر قرار داده که این اثرگذاری افزایشی بوده است. همچنین مؤلفه‌های اجتماعی نیز تحت تأثیر احداث سد قرار گرفته‌اند که تأثیر سد بر مؤلفه نزاع و درگیری محسوس‌تر از سایر مؤلفه‌های اجتماعی بوده به‌نحوی‌که نزاع و درگیری نسبت به گذشته کمتر (318/0-) شده است. تحلیل مؤلفه‌های اقتصادی و اجتماعی در روستاهای پیرامون حاکی از آن است که میزان تأثیر سد بر هر یک از مؤلفه‌های اقتصادی و اجتماعی در روستاهای پیرامون متفاوت است. در پایان با‌توجه‌به نتایج و وضعیت مؤلفه‌ها در روستاهای موردمطالعه، پیشنهادهایی به‌منظور بهبود وضعیت ارائه شده است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing the Social-Economic Impacts of Dam Construction on Surrounding Villages (Case Study: Eyvashan Dam, Khorramabad County)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mostafa Ahmadvand 1
  • Ayatollah Karami 2
  • kobra pirdadeh beyranvand 3
1 Professor, Department of Rural Development Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Rural Development Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran.
3 PhD Student, Department of Rural Development Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Dams have always had consequences by creating changes in the surrounding natural and human ecosystems. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the socio-economic impacts of Eyvashan Dam on the surrounding rural areas. The methodology was quantitative in nature with the type of applied research and was approached in a descriptive survey manner. The statistical population of the study was 128 households living in the villages around Eyvashan Dam. Totally, 90 households were estimated as sample size according to Bartlett and colleagues’ sample size table and were selected by performing a random proportional distribution of the samples in the four villages of Eyvashan Golestan, Chakmeh Siyah Olia (Galeh Hadi), Goldarreh, and Chaghalvand Rood Olya. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire within which the face validity was confirmed by a panel of experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was also confirmed by conducting a pilot study and calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficients (0.621-0.879). Findings showed that the construction of Eyvashan Dam has affected the components of the economic factors and these effects have been additive. Findings also showed that the Dam affected all social components across local communities in the way that conflict was more noticeable among them, with a decrease compared to the past (-0.318). Results also revealed the variety of diverse impacts among the surrounding villages. Filially, according to the results and the status of the components in the studied villages, suggestions have been made to improve the situation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Socio-economic effects
  • Dam evaluation
  • One sample t-test
  • Eyvashan
  • Local communities
Akbarzadeh, P., & Kaboli, SH. (2017). Assessing the socio-economic effects of reservoir dam construction, case study; siahzakh in divandareh, Iran. Geography and Sustainability of Environmental, 7(2), 53-65 (In Persian).
Amini, K., Waysi, F., & Mohammady, S. (2018). Analysis of the effects of dams’ construction on sustainable livelihoods in rural a reas (case study: dariyandam in oraman region). Journal of Strategic Studies of Public Policy, 8(27), 111-125 (In Persian).
Ayeni, A., & Ojifo, L. (2018). The socio-economics dynamics of Dam on Rural Communities: A case study of Oyan Dam, Nigeria. Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, 379, 175-180.‏
Bartlett, J.E., Kotrlik, JW., & Higgins, CC. (2001) Organizational research: Determining appropriate sample size in survey research. Information Technology, Learning, and Performance Journal, 19(1), 43- 50.
Bastami, J., Farahani, H., & Einali, G. (2013). Evaluation and explanation of economic, social and environmental effects of Talvar dam construction on surrounding villages (Case study: Babarshani village). Master thesis in geography and rural planning, department of geography, faculty of humanities, Zanjan University (In Persian).
Bhatti, NB., Siyal, A.A., Qureshi, AL., & Bhatti, IA. (2019). Socio-economic impact assessment of small dams based on t-paired sample test using SPSS software. Civil Engineering Journal, 5(1), 153-164.
Cernea, MM. (1997). Social assessments for better development: case studies in Russia and Central Asia. World Bank Publications.
Esmaili, F. A., Khodadad, M., & Nakhaei, M. (2015). Investigation of the effects of dam construction on sustainable rural development, a case study: Nofel Dam in Gorgan. The second scientific research conference of new horizons in the field of civil engineering, architecture, culture and urban management of Iran. Tehran (In Persian).
Freden, F. (2011). Impacts of dams on lowland agriculture in the Mekong River catchment. Lunds universitets Naturgeografiska institution-Seminarieuppsatser.‏
Hosseiny, S. H., Bozorg-Haddad, O., & Bocchiola, D. (2021). Water, culture, civilization, and history. In Economical, Political, and Social Issues in Water Resources (pp. 189-216). Elsevier (In Persian).
Iran Water Resources Management Company. (2020). Deputy of planning and development. Details of Iranian dams, list of dams (In Persian).
Iranian Student News Agency "ISNA". (2019). News code: 83138 (In Persian).
Islamic Republic News Agency. (2005). News code: 7754850 (In Persian).
Javadi, A., Mohammadi Kangarani, H., Nohegar, A., & Akbarian, M. (2012). The effect of dam construction on the upstream and downstream social status of lavar Finn earthen dam. Master thesis in watershed management, University Campus in Qeshm, Hormozgan University (In Persian).
Le Texier, M. A. R. I. E. (2013). Dam-induced migration in the Mekong Region. The State of Environmental Migration 2013, 127138.‏
Levy, B. S., & Sidel, V. W. (2011). Water rights and water fights: preventing and resolving conflicts before they boil over. American journal of public health, 101(5), 778-780.‏
Li, J., Liao, L., & Dai, X. (2022). Economic and Agricultural Impacts of Building a Dam—Evidence from Natural Experience of the Three-Gorge Dam. Agriculture, 12(9), 1372.‏
Macnamara, J. R. (2005). Media content analysis: Its uses, benefits and best practice methodology. Asia Pacific public relations journal, 6(1), 1-34.‏
Malekhoseini, A., & Mirakzadeh, A. A. (2014). Assessment of social impacts of Sonqure’s Soleimanshah dam on the regions that are under influence of irrigation and drainage network of dam. Journal of Rural Research, 5 (3), 589-610 (In Persian).
Malekhoseini, A., Mirakzadeh, A. A., & Lioutas, E. (2017). The social impacts of dams on rural areas: A case study of solaiman shah dam, Kermanshah, Iran. Journal of Sustainable Rural Development, 1(2), 189-198 (In Persian).
Naderi, L. (2019). Impact of the BeheshtAbad Dam Construction on the households' Livelihood Strategies of Local Communities. The Journal of Spatial Planning, 23(1), 25-51 (In Persian).
NASA. (2023). Satellite images.‏
Nguyen, H. T., Pham, T. H., & Lobry de Bruyn, L. (2017). Impact of hydroelectric dam development and resettlement on the natural and social capital of rural livelihoods in Bo Hon Village in Central Vietnam. Sustainability, 9(8), 1422.‏
Nilsson, C., Reidy, C. A., Dynesius, M., & Revenga, C. (2005). Fragmentation and flow regulation of the world's large river systems. Science. 308(5720), 405-408.
Owusu, K., Obour, P. B., & Nkansah, M. A. (2017). Downstream effects of dams on livelihoods of river-dependent communities: the case of Ghana’s Kpong dam. Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography, 117(1), 1-10‏.
Rahmati, A., & Nazreyan, A. (2011). Socio- economic and environmental impact of the resident area inforce to move due to dam’s constraction: case study dam’s Gotvand olia on the river of karoon. Journal of Environmental Researches, 1(2), 53-66 (In Persian).
Ranjbar, M., & Amini, N. (2014). Evaluating the effect of dams on underground water resources (case study of Salman Farsi Dam - Fars Province). Journal of Geography, 12(40), 187- 206 (In Persian).
Razavian, M. T. (2002). Urban land use planning. Secretary Publications, Tehran (In Persian).
Regional water of Lorestan province. (2016). Water Specialized Monthly, 1(3), 1-4 (In Persian).
Regional water of Lorestan province. (2022). Water Resources Basic Studies Office (In Persian).
Riahi, F. (2017). Evaluating economic, social and environmental impacts of Tangab dam and irrigation network, Firuzabad Fars. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economic and Development Research, 48 (2), 179-195 (In Persian).
Sadeghi, F., Shayan, H., Javan, J., & Sajasi Gheidari, H. (2017). Investigation and analysis of the role of dams in the instability of rural areas Case study: Sufi-Chay basin. Journal of Arid Areas Geographical Studies, 8 (30), 21-44 (In Persian).
Salt River Project "SRP". (2016). Theodore roosevelt dam. http://www.srpnet.com/water/dams/roosevelt.aspx
Taheri Saffar, M., Shanoushi, N., & Abolhassani, L. (2015). Environmental, social and economic impacts of dam construction in Khorasan Razavi province (case study of Bar dam in Neyshabur). Journal of Geography and Environmental Hazards, 4(3), 127-146 (In Persian).
Tilt, B., & Gerkey, D. (2016). Dams and population displacement on China’s Upper Mekong River: Implications for social capital and social–ecological resilience. Global Environmental Change, 36, 153-162.‏
Vesal, M., & Tajrishy, M. S. (2019). Economic impact of dams in Iran. Iran-Water Resources Research, 15 (1), 256-247 (In Persian).
Windsor, J. E., & Mcvey, J. A. (2005). Annihilation of both place and sense of place: the experience of the Cheslatta T’En Canadian First Nation within the context of large-scale environmental projects. Geographical Journal, 171(2), 146-165.
World Commission on Dams (WCD). (2000). Dams and Development: A New Framework for Decision-Making; WCD: Frankfurt, Germany.