ارزیابی فرهنگ کارآفرینی و عوامل مؤثر بر شکست کارآفرینان کشاورزی در شهرستان کرمانشاه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

برای دستیابی به کارآفرینی به ابزار نیاز داریم. یکی از ابزارهای مهم رشد و توسعه کارآفرینی وجود فرهنگ حامی کارآفرینی است. فرهنگ کارآفرینانه قوی به‌معنی تحمل بیشتر شکست و منعکس‌­کننده میزانی است که جامعه عقاید کارآفرینان و ابتکارات را حمایت می‌­کند. ازاین‌رو در این تحقیق ابتدا فرهنگ کارآفرینی و فرهنگ شکست در جامعه کشاورزی و درادامه موانع فرهنگی از دیدگاه کارآفرینان کشاورزی بررسی شد. این مطالعه با استفاده از روش کمّی انجام شد. جامعه آماری شامل دو گروه کارآفرینان کشاورزی و کشاورزان سرپرست خانوار ساکن روستاهای شهرستان کرمانشاه بودند که با استفاده از جدول بارتلت و همکاران، حجم نمونه‌ها در هر گروه تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد که میزان نپذیرفتن شکست در جامعه مطالعه‌شده بسیار است و جامعه روستایی با دادن فرصت دوباره به افراد شکست‌خورده موافق هستند. فرهنگ جمع‌گرایی و دوری از عدم‌قطعیت یا به‌عبارتی ریسک‌گریزی، در بین جامعه روستایی غالب است. همچنین نتایج نشان داد کارآفرینان کشاورزی با موانعی فرهنگی مانند نبود فرهنگ خلاقیت، نپذیرفتن شکست، نگرش منفی به ریسک، بی‌اعتقادی به توانمندی‌های زنان، وجود فرهنگ مردسالاری در جامعه و سازمان‌ها و مخالفت والدین با فعالیت‌های کارآفرینی دختران روبه‌رو هستند. درمجموع نتایج نشان می‌دهد زیرسیستم فرهنگی در اکوسیستم کارآفرینی اوضاع مطلوبی ندارد و فرهنگ موجود حامی کارآفرینی نیست و حتی در بسیاری از مواقع از ظهور کارآفرینی جلوگیری می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating Entrepreneurial Culture and Fear of Failure in the Rural Community (Kermanshah Township)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rezvan Ghambarali 1
  • Hossein Agahi 2
  • Amirhosein Alibayghi 2
  • Kiumars Zarafshani 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lorestan, Khorramabad, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Razi, Kermanshah, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Razi, Kermanshah, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Entrepreneurship can be achieved via tools. One of the most important tools for the development of entrepreneurship is the supportive culture towards entrepreneurship. A strong entrepreneurial culture means more tolerance for failure and reflects the extent to which the country's society supports ideas and initiatives of entrepreneurs. Therefore, in this quantitative study, the culture of entrepreneurship and the culture of failure in the agricultural community were studied. Then, the cultural barriers were studied from the viewpoints of agricultural entrepreneurs. The statistical population of the study consisted of two groups of rural heads of households and agricultural entrepreneurs in Kermanshah Township. The research samples were selected using random cluster method. The results showed that the respondents have low levels of failure tolerance and have the highest willingness to grant a second chance. The results of the study of entrepreneurial culture in the rural community showed that the culture of collectivism and uncertainty avoidance among the rural population is dominant. It was also found that agricultural entrepreneurs are faced with cultural barriers such as the lack of a creativity culture, lack of acceptance of failure, negative attitudes toward risk, lack of belief in the capabilities of women, patriarchal culture in society and organizations, and opposition of parents for the entrepreneurial activity of girls.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Entrepreneurship culture
  • Failure culture
  • Agricultural entrepreneurship
  • Cultural barriers
  • Second chance
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