شناسایی مهم‌ترین اثرات مهاجرت انفرادی مردان سرپرست خانوار بر زنان روستایی (موردمطالعه: شهرستان مشهد)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

3 استاد، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

در ایران همانند سایر کشورهای در حال توسعه ، علاوه بر مهاجرت خانوارهای روستایی به شهر، مهاجرت انفرادی مردان به صورت قطعی یا فصلی نیز وجود دارد. بر این اساس پژوهش حاضر به شناسایی مهم‌ترین اثرات مثبت و منفی جنسیتی مهاجرت مردان سرپرست خانوار نواحی روستایی می‌پردازد. روش تحقیق توصیفی- تحلیلی و از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی- توسعه-ای است. حجم نمونه 289 زن در 22 روستای دارای نسبت جنسی پائین در شهرستان مشهد بوده است. اثرات مهاجرت انفرادی مردان بر زنان روستایی به کمک 30 متغیر به تفکیک مثبت و منفی با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی موردبررسی قرار گرفت. مهم‌ترین اثرات مثبت جنسیتی مهاجرت مردان در قالب 5 عامل با 68/38 درصد واریانس به ترتیب شامل افزایش قدرت تصمیم‌گیری زنان در خانواده با 21/21، افزایش استقلال مالی زنان با 16/2، افزایش توانمندی روان‌شناختی با 13/4، تمایل به انجام فعالیت‌های اقتصادی درآمدزا با 9 و افزایش مشارکت در حوزه‌های اقتصادی و اجتماعی با 8/5 درصد واریانس تبیین شد. همچنین مهم‌ترین اثرات منفی مهاجرت مردان ذیل 5 عامل با 63/17 درصد واریانس به ترتیب شامل برهم خوردن تقسیم‌کار جنسیتی در خانواده با 19/2، افزایش وابستگی زنان به سایرین با 13، کاهش شانس ازدواج و باروری با 12/5، اشکال در مدیریت امور خانواده با 10 و ورود خردسالان و کهن‌سالان به فعالیت‌های اقتصادی با 8/5 درصد واریانس تبیین شده است.



کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identifying the effects migration of male households in rural wemen (Case Study: Mashhad county)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Athena Vatankhah Noghani 1
  • Maryam Ghasemi 2
  • Jafar javan 3
1 Master of Science in Geography and Rural Planning, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
2 Assistant Prof. of Geography and Rural Planning, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
3 Prof. of Geography and Rural Planning, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

There is definite or seasonal migration of men individually like other third-world countries in Iran as well as the migration of rural households to the city. The present study seeks to identify the most important positive and negative effects of gender migration of male heads of households from rural areas. The research method is descriptive-analytic, and it is applied-development research. The sample size included 289 women in 22 villages with low sex ratio in Mashhad County. The positive and negative effects of individual male immigration on rural women were investigated using 30 variables using exploratory factor analysis. The most important positive effects of the men›s migration were five factors with 68.38 percent of the variance: increased women›s decision-making power in the family by 21.2%, increased women›s financial independence by 16.2%, increased psychological empowerment by 13.4%, willingness to make income-generating activities with 9% and increasing participation in the economic and social spheres is explained by 8.5% of variance. Furthermore, the most important negative effects of male immigration were the following five factors, with 63.17% of the variance, respectively: breaking the gender division of labor in the family by 19.2%, increasing the dependence of women to others by 13%, reducing the chance of marriage and fertility by 12.5%, problems in managing family affairs with 10% and the entry of minors and elderly people into economic activities with 8.5% of the variance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Individual migration
  • male-headed households
  • rural women
  • positive and negative effects
  • Mashhad County

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پژوهش های روستائی
دوره 9، شماره 1
خرداد 1397
صفحه 58-71

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 27 دی 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 05 خرداد 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 31 خرداد 1396

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