تحلیل علل و انگیزه‌های مهاجرت بازگشتی در میان مهاجران روستایی (موردمطالعه: شهرستان خرم‌‏آباد)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد، گروه توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

در دهه‌های اخیر، فرایند بازگشت مهاجران روستایی به سکونتگاه‌های مبدأ خود را می‌توان به‌عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین جریان‌های تحرک جمعیتی قلمداد نمود که ناشی از روندهای کلی تغییر شرایط زندگی و بهبود نسبی آن در روستاها نسبت به گذشته و کم‌رنگ شدن علت اولیه مهاجرت یا کاهش مزایای زندگی در شهر به‌عنوان مقصد، است. با توجه به لزوم اهمیت تحلیل چنین جریان‌هایی در گستره منطقه‌ای و در حیطه روابط شهر و روستا، مقالـه حاضـر، به دنبال بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر میزان تمایل مهاجرین روستایی نسبت به مهاجرت بازگشتی در شهرستان خرم‏آباد است. پژوهش کاربردی، از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی- همبستگی و جامعه آماری شامل تمامی مهاجرانی روستایی است که طی سال‏های 1385- 1395 به روستاهای خود بازگشته‌اند، (N=24160). ابزار تحقیق پرسشنامه محقق ساخته‌ای است که روایی و پایایی شکلی و محتوایی آن با استفاده از نظرسنجی از متخصصان حوزه‌های اقتصاد و توسعه روستایی و آزمون آلفای کرونباخ تأییدشده است. نتـایج به‌دست‌آمده، نشان‌دهنده وجـود ارتبـاط مثبـت و معنـادار بـین متغیرهـای بعد خانوار، نسبت قوم‌وخویشان ساکن در روستا، میزان زمین و دارایی روستایی و هزینه و وجــود رابطه منفــی و معنــادار بــین محله سکونت شخص مهاجر، درآمد و پس‌انداز در شهر با میزان انگیزه برای بازگشتی به روستا است. همچنین نتایج آزمون t مستقل نشان داد که تفاوت معناداری در میزان تمایل به مهاجرت بازگشتی در بین گروه‏ افراد مالک و غیر مالک زمین در روستا، افراد داری شغل موقت و دائم در شهر و کسانی که دارای زمین کشاورزی و افرادی که تنها صاحب زمین مسکونی در روستا هستند، وجود دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Causes and Motivations of Reverse Migration Among Rural Migrants (The Study Area: Khorramabad County)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Mikhak 1
  • Fereshteh Hafezi 1
  • Tahereh Sadeghloo 2
1 MA, Department of Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Faculty of Humanities, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In recent decades, the process of returning rural migrants to their original place of residence can be considered one of the most important trends in demographic mobility. That is due to the general trend of changing living conditions and its relative improvement in the villages compared to the past and the fact that the primary reasons for migration no longer exist or the benefits of living in the city as a destination have decreased. Given the importance of analyzing such trends in the region and the field of city and village relations, the present article seeks to investigate the causes and motivations of return migration among rural migrants in the city of Khorram Abad. The present research is an applied research of the descriptive-correlational type and the statistical population includes all rural immigrants who have returned to their villages during the years 2006-2016(N=24160).The research instrument is a researcher-made questionnaire and the validity and reliability of its form and content have been confirmed using the opinions of experts in the fields of economics and rural development as well as the Cronbach's alpha test. The results of independent t-test also suggested that there is a significant difference in the rate of desire to return between the group of landowners and non-owners in the village, people who have temporary and permanent jobs in the city, those who own agricultural land, and those who own only residential land in the village.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Willingness to migrate
  • recursive (reverse) migration
  • village-city relations
  • population flows
  • city of Khorramabad
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