بومی‌سازی نشانگرهای منظر پایدار در زیست بوم روستایی ایران با تاکید بر منظر ذهنی- ارزیابانه ذی‌اثران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه طراحی شهری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر، ‌تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری، دانشگاه تهران،‌ تهران، ایران.

چکیده

منظر روستایی مبین تعامل و تفاهم انسان و طبیعت بوده و در عین سادگی ظاهری، موزون، پیچیده و جذاب است. ماهیت منظر روستایی در ارتباطی تنگاتنگ با محیط طبیعی و بستر زمینه‌ای و در عین حال متأثر از تعامل عمیق انسان با طبیعت است. منظر اصیل و با هویت روستایی ایران، در سال‌های اخیر دستخوش دگرگونی شده است، به‌طوری‌که در بسیاری از روستاها، شاهد تخریب بستر طبیعی، دگرگونی بافت و عناصر باارزش کالبدی و به‌تبع آن، تغییر ارزش‌های فرهنگی آن هستیم. به دلیل وجود تفاوت‌های شرایط زمینه‌ای روستاهای ایران با پیشینه پژوهش‌های قبلی، ضروری است، ابعاد منظر روستایی بر اساس تجربیات زیست بومی ذی‌اثران و در انطباق با شرایط زمینه‌ای روستا بررسی شود. پژوهش به روش تحلیلی و پیمایشی و با هدف یافتن نشانگرهای منظر پایدار و عوامل تأثیرگذار بر آن متناسب با شرایط زمینه‌ای زیست‌بوم روستایی ایران انجام شده است. به این منظور ضمن مشاهده مشارکتی، با دو گروه از جامعه روستایی (مصاحبه اصلی- نیمه ساختاریافته- جهت پاسخگویی ساکنین روستا و مصاحبه تکمیلی- با سؤالات باز- جهت اخذ نظرات آگاهان محلی) مصاحبه شده است. به علاوه از مصاحبه‌شوندگان خواسته شده نقشه‌های ذهنی (ذهنیت خود از منظر مطلوب روستایی) را ترسیم کنند. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که منظر بومی روستاها به‌رغم وجود تنوع و تمایز، دارای نوعی وحدت و همخوانی هستند و بر اساس تحلیل یافته‌ها، برخی نشانگرهای پراهمیت که به منظر روستایی وحدت و تنوع بخشیده و آن را پایدار ساخته‌اند، و همچنین عوامل ثانویه‌ای که به‌طور غیرمستقیم بر منظر روستایی تأثیرگذار بوده‌اند، مشخص شدند.

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