واکاوی آثار اجرای طرح ساماندهی خروج دام از جنگل بر جوامع روستایی با استفاده از روش تحلیل مضمون

نوع مقاله : مقاله برگرفته از پایان نامه

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس، گنبد کاووس، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس، گنبدکاووس، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده فرماندهی و ستاد، دانشگاه علوم انتظامی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

یکی از مهم‌ترین برنامه‎های دولت برای حفظ عرصه‌های جنگلی کشور اجرای طرح خروج دام از جنگل و ساماندهی جنگل‌نشینان بوده که در سال ۱۳۶۸ آغاز شد اما بعد از گذشت سه دهه از اجرایی شدن آن همچنان با چالش‌های متعددی به‌ویژه برای ساکنان روستاهای جنگلی همراه بوده است. هدف تحقیق حاضر بررسی آثار اجرای طرح خروج دام بر ساکنین پنج روستای جابه‌جا و ملحق شده به شهر رامیان استان گلستان است. پژوهش حاضر به لحاظ هدف، کاربردی و به لحاظ رویکرد کلی و منطق پژوهش از نوع پژوهش‌های کیفی است که با رویکرد اکتشافی و در چهارچوب روش پدیدارشناسی به روش تحلیل مضمون انجام شده است. مصاحبه‌ها در بازه زمانی تیرماه 1398 تا اسفندماه 1398 انجام شد. مشارکت‌کنندگان افراد دارای تجربه زیسته در خصوص طرح خروج دام از جنگل بوده‌اند. پس از انجام 23 مصاحبه، از فرایند تحلیل مضمون سه مرحله‌ای استفاده گردید. در مرحله اول به‌منظور انجام کدگذاری باز، اقدام به پیاده‌سازی محتوای کلیه مصاحبه‌ها و سپس کدگذاری آن‌ها گردید. در این مرحله از متن مصاحبه‌ها 296 کد اولیه که قدرت مفهومی بیشتری داشتند استخراج شد. سپس با تعیین شباهت‌ها و تفاوت‌ها، 21 مقوله فرعی شناسایی شدند. مقوله‌های فرعی که دارای بیشترین قرابت معنایی و مفهومی کنار یکدیگر قرار گرفتند و مضامین سازمان دهنده (اصلی) از آن‌ها احصا شد، که دربرگیرنده مضامین اقتصادی (6 مضمون فرعی)، اجتماعی (6 مضمون فرعی)، نهادهای - مدیریتی (5 مضمون فرعی) و کالبدی (4 مضمون فرعی) بود. نتایج نشان داد طرح ساماندهی خروج دام از جنگل در منطقه رامیان از دیدگاه مشمولین موفق نبوده و مشمولین طرح نیاز به حمایت و هدایت به سمت خودکفایی اقتصادی و بازیابی فرهنگ اجتماعی خود دارند.

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