ارزیابی مؤلفه‌ها و ‌شاخص‌های ارزیابی تاب‌آوری اقتصادی کشاورزان در برابر مخاطرات اقلیمی

نوع مقاله : مقاله برگرفته از پایان نامه

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، گرگان، ایران.

چکیده

اثرپذیری جوامع از تغییر اقلیم وابسته به میزان تاب‌آوری آنان است. بنابراین شناخت و تقویت تاب‌آوری به‌منظور کاهش آسیب‌پذیری و مقابله با مخاطرات اقلیمی از اهمیت خاصی برخوردار است. رویکرد تاب‌آوری اقتصادی با‌توجه‌به ماهیت پویا و آینده‌نگری که دارد می‌تواند به‌منظور افزایش توان سازگاری اقتصاد در برابر مخاطرات مؤثرتر عمل کند، لذا مطالعه سطح تاب‌آوری اقتصادی روستا و به‌ویژه کشاورزان در برابر شوک‌ها بسیار ضروری است. این مطالعه با هدف دستیابی به شاخص‌های مناسب برای ارزیابی تاب‌آوری اقتصادی کشاورزان در مقابله با مخاطرات اقلیمی در دو مرحله و با استفاده از تکنیک مرور نظام‌مند و دلفی انجام شد. در مرحله اول، بر اساس مرور نظام‌مند ادبیات نظری تاب‌آوری، مدلی از تاب‌آوری به‌عنوان الگوی مناسب مطالعات تاب‌آوری اقتصادی کشاورزان انتخاب شد که از سه بعد اصلی پایداری، سازگاری و تغییر تشکیل شده است، سپس ۴۴ شاخص‌ اولیه استخراج شد. مرحله دوم با بهره‌گیری از تکنیک دلفی انجام شد. طبق نتایج، از ۴۴ شاخص موردبررسی ۱۹ شاخص به‌عنوان شاخص‌های مناسب ارزیابی انتخاب شد و بر اساس نظرات صاحب‌نظران و نخبگان از این تعداد ۶ شاخص در بعد پایداری، ۹ شاخص در سازگاری و ۴ شاخص در ‌تغییر بیشترین فراوانی را داشت و شاخص‌های توانایی تطبیق نسبی شرایط اقتصادی خانواده در زمان بحران، برخورداری از ظرفیت شغلی و معیشتی متنوع، توانایی ایجاد و توسعه کسب‌وکار از‌طریق تنوع‌بخشی فعالیت‌های غیرزراعی از بیشترین اهمیت و تأکید برخوردار بودند. بر اساس نتایج، جهت افزایش سازگاری و تاب‌آوری کشاورزان در مقابله با مخاطرات اقلیمی، تقویت دانش کشاورزان، تنوع‌بخشی فعالیت‌های غیر زراعی با ایجاد درآمدهای جایگزین، از مهم‌ترین راهکارها در این زمینه هستند.

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